Class 11 Chapter 7 Chemistry Notes

[Ena Marklund]

Scienceis a subject that explains how the world around us is made and the chemical reactions that make things happen around us. From rust to decomposition, chemical reactions provide a more in-depth insight into how molecular interaction and changes occur. Chapter 1 of CBSE class 10 Science explains how a substance changes form.

Learn more about chemical reactions and equations by exploring CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 1. These CBSE notes are comprehensive and detailed yet concise enough to glance through for exam preparations.

A chemical reaction occurs when one or more reactants are changed into one or more products. The constituent atoms of the reactants are rearranged in a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of various substances as products.

A chemical reaction can be determined with the help of any of the following observations.

a) Evolution of a gas

b) Change in temperature

c) Formation of a precipitate

d) Change in colour

e) Change of state

A chemical reaction is a process that causes one set of chemical components to change into another. Chemical reactions are defined as changes in the locations of electrons in the formation and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change in the nuclei, and are described using a chemical equation. At a given temperature and chemical concentration, chemical reactions occur at a predictable rate. Reaction speeds often increase as the temperature rises because more thermal energy is available to attain the activation energy required to break bonds between atoms.

A symbol is a chemical code for an element. Each element has a one or two-letter atomic symbol, which is, in most cases, the abbreviated form of its name.

Valency is the combining capacity of an element. It can be considered as the number of electrons lost, gained or shared by an atom when it combines with another atom to form a molecule.

According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, no atoms can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, so the number of atoms for each element on the reactants side has to balance the number of atoms that are present on the products side.

In other words, the total mass of the products formed in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants participating in a chemical reaction.

Chemical equations are balanced using coefficients. A coefficient is a numerical value that is added to the front of a chemical symbol or formula. It indicates the number of atoms or molecules of the material involved in the process.

Hit and trial method: While balancing the equation, change the coefficients (the numbers in front of the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of each element is the same on each side of the chemical equation.

A single reactant decomposes on the application of heat or light, or electricity to give two or more products.

Types of decomposition reactions:

a. Decomposition reactions which require heat-thermolytic decomposition or thermolysis.

One of the best examples of precipitation reactions is the chemical reaction between potassium chloride and silver nitrate, in which solid silver chloride is precipitated out. This is the insoluble salt formed as a product of the precipitation reaction. The chemical equation for this precipitation reaction is provided below.

A redox reaction occurs when the oxidation states of the substrate change. The loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of a chemical or its atoms is referred to as oxidation. The gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state of a chemical or its atoms is referred to as reduction.

It refers to the oxidation of fats and oils in food that is kept for a long time. It gives foul smell and bad taste to food. Rancid food causes stomach infections during consumption.

Prevention:

(i) Use of air-tight containers

(ii) Packaging with nitrogen

(iii) Refrigeration

(iv) Addition of antioxidants or preservatives

In the electrolysis of water (acidified), the gases that are evolved at the anode and cathode, respectively, are oxygen and hydrogen. Hydrogen ions gain electrons from the cathode and form hydrogen gas, and oxygen ions give electrons to the anode and form oxygen gas.

These are notes of 9th class chemistry Chapter Chemical Reactivity. These notes are very helpful for fbise and all other boards of the Punjab province. there are only short questions and MCQs in the notes.Read less

Important Chapter Notes for Class 12 Chemistry board exam are available here. These notes are based on latest CBSE Syllabus and Class 12 Chemistry NCERT textbook. These notes are very helpful for the preparation of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry board exam.

Get important chapter-wise chemistry notes for CBSE Class 12. These notes are based on class 12 chemistry NCERT books and are very helpful for revision purposes and preparation of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry board exam.

There are 16 chapters in NCERT book for class 12th chemistry. The weightage of various chapters in CBSE Class 12 Chemistry board exams is given in latest CBSE Syllabus. These notes are very important for Class 12 Chemistry board exam.

This article provides you the revision notes on Class 12 Chemistry: Chapter - Biomolecules, to give you a quick glance of the chapter. In this part you will get to know about the Enzymes, Nucleic Acids and Vitamins, their various types and structures. These quick notes are prepared strictly according to the latest CBSE syllabus for Class 12th .Chemistry

CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Notes: Biomolecules (Part - I)

CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Notes: Biomolecules (Part - II)Get here latest School, CBSE and Govt Jobs notification and articles in English and Hindi for Sarkari Naukari, Sarkari Result and Exam Preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Sarkari Naukri App.

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