I was at an exploratory meeting for the Sons of Italy at my parish a little bit ago and the topic of naming the chapter came up. The only provision given was that the chapter had to be named after an Italian or Italo-American.
There was a man in Caesarea named Cornelius, who was a captain in the Roman army regiment called "The Italian Regiment." He was a religious man; he and his whole family worshiped God. He also did much to help the Jewish poor people and was constantly praying to God. It was about three o'clock one afternoon when he had a vision, in which he clearly saw an angel of God come in and say to him, "Cornelius!" He stared at the angel in fear and said, "What is it, sir?" The angel answered, "God is pleased with your prayers and works of charity, and is ready to answer you.
It doesn't take a great deal to inflate an Italian's self-perception or his ethnic pride, and I speak from experience when I say this. No less than twenty people came up to me after the meeting to verify what they thought I had said.
The Acts of the Apostles describes Cornelius as a man who had abandoned his earlier paganism and came to believe in God through his interactions with Jews he helped through alms and good works. (Acts 10:1).
Cornelius received a vision in which an angel tells him God had heard his prayers and invited him to closer association with Him. The angel instructs the saint to send his envoys to find St. Peter who was at that point, staying with a Christian tanner named Simon in Joppa.
When Cornelius' men arrive, Peter realizes that the vision he received referred to the Roman centurion and all other gentiles who wish to convert to the Church. He accompanies Cornelius' men back to Caesarea. When Cornelius sees Peter, he falls at the Pope's feet. Peter, unaccustomed to such formality, commands him to rise. He then teaches Cornelius and his household of Jesus' life, Passion and Resurrection. At that point, the Holy Spirit descends on everyone present and Cornelius and other gentiles speak in tongues and praise God. He and his household then accepted Baptism.
This is where Scriptures cease referring to Cornelius. Tradition, however, teaches that Cornelius retired from the army and accompanied Peter as they preached the Gospel. When they entered Ephesus, Peter, Timothy and Cornelius were told of a popular pagan temple in the city of Skepsis.
Cornelius went to the city alone but when the Prince Demetrius, the leader of the city, himself a pagan scholar of philosophy and who actively hated Christians, learned of the saint's arrival in his city, summoned and interrogated him at the palace. Cornelius replied that he come to free the prince and his city from the ignorant darkness of paganism.
The prince was furious at the perceived insult but Cornelius pressed onwards and spoke of the Light of Christ. The prince, not being in the mood to convert, demanded Cornelius offer sacrifice to his pagan idols.
The saint was brought to the temple of Zeus but as soon as he entered, he turned to the east and prayed to God. At that, an earthquake struck the city and the temple crumbled around him terrifying the prince and citizens of the city.
As the prince grieved for his loss, Barbates, one of the priests of Zeus told the prince that he distinctly heard the voice of the prince's wife and son amidst the destroyed temple's rubble. The pair were loudly praising the God of the Christians. The prince and Barbates ran to the prison begging the saint to free his wife and child. Cornelius arrived at the destroyed temple and the prayers of all present were answered.
At this, Prince Demetrius, his newly rescued family, Barbates and all their relatives and friends asked to be baptized. Upon hearing of the miracle, St. Peter made Cornelius the city's bishop and, together, labored to convert the entire city to Christ. Eunomios, a new convert from Skepsis, was made a presbyter of the Church. St Cornelius died at a venerable age and was buried near the pagan temple he destroyed.
His feast day is celebrated on February 2, though most Catholics are too busy on that day celebrating Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, also known as Candlemas. Cornelius is the Patron Saint of Soldiers, Benefactors, Philanthropists and Jewish Converts.
The newly formed chapter of the Sons of Italy at my parish, though very impressed with their newly-acquired knowledge and freshly pumped-up ethnic pride, ultimately chose against naming themselves after St. Cornelius the Centurion. Apparently, if they chose a living Italian or Italo-American after whom they could name the chapter, that person could help sponsor the group. And though St. Cornelius is great to have on your side, someone's got to pay for the electricity.
There are many advantages to having a Christian and surname both ending with vowels. (Check my byline.) First, you sure to get a nice meal. Second, you get a lot of cousins to play with growing up. Third, you get all of the jokes in Louis Prima's song Zooma Zooma. And fourth, you can rest of your ecclesiastical laurels when you remind Christians that it was one of your paisanos who helped make all of this possible.
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There is a two-fold scenario or situation in chapter 10. We have the Greek-Roman-Italian centurion and a skeptical Peter who needs a better understanding of Jesus who came into this world in hopes that ALL may be saved; not just the Jews. Recall from previous articles that Paul welcomed the Greek (non-Jew) but Peter seemed to think Judaism practices juxtaposed with the New Testament salvation message. This is how both scenarios play out then become one.
JIV NOTE: When hungry one cannot think much about other issues in life. Peter being hungry was looking internally to his physical needs. God was about to help him look within himself and his real spiritual need to understand how the cross and resurrection made a change in the culture of Judaism and any other worship of God.
Peter is told by a voice out of heaven to kill, prepare and eat of this food; any of the creatures within the sheet that descended from heaven. It is a challenge to his devotion to customs versus a new standard. In short, God is teaching Peter that there is no difference between Jewish souls and Gentile souls when it comes to faith, worship, group participation and/or customs once applicable to only the Israelites. This very same Jesus that Peter professes and teaches about is nonpartisan. This is in preparation for what he was about to be commanded to do when he shortly meets with Captain Cornelius; a gentile believer.
It is a bit odd that the voice from above that told him to eat of the animals in the vessel/sheet from heaven and while Peter is still without food and without explanation of his vision, the voice from heaven tells him to go with the three visitors without question. He does.
Acts 10:24 is another key verse. When this entourage from Joppa, the three sent by Cornelius, Peter and a few other believers from Joppa arrived at the home of Cornelius, not only is he there waiting but so is his family and others. Peter almost immediately points out that it is against Jewish Judaism custom and law to go into the home of a non-Jew.
It is then that he states why the vision he had on the roof top of what was customarily considered as unclean or common foods not fit for the Jews to eat but its implication and message was to Jew and Gentile. Cornelius explains why he sent for Peter and now wants to hear the message God deemed necessary for him to gain knowledge and understand.
Acts 10:42 and 43 explains something else per the end time. Peter tells Cornelius that this very same Jesus will one time judge both the living and the dead; i.e. the Bema Seat Judgment of believers and the Great White Throne Judgment of nonbelievers. This is the living and the dead; no exceptions.
a centurion of the band called the Italian band;
which consisted of soldiers collected out of Italy, from whence the band took its name, in which Cornelius was a centurion, having a hundred men under him, as the name of his office signifies.
A centurion was promoted for being an exemplary soldier and was then expected to become a strict commander of his subordinates, to lead his troops by example, and coordinate his Century's actions. In a Roman legion, centuries were grouped into cohorts and commanded by the most senior centurion. The prestigious first cohort was led by the primus pilus, analogous to a junior officer, the most senior centurion in the legion who fulfilled the analogous role of staff officer and senior enlisted advisor and its fourth-in-command who was next in line for promotion to praefectus castrorum, and the primi ordines who were the centurions of the first cohort. They were also responsible for handling logistics and supplies, as well as any discipline that was required.
A centurion's symbol of office was the vine staff, with which they disciplined even Roman citizens, who were otherwise legally protected from corporal punishment by the Porcian Laws.[citation needed] Centurions also served in the Roman navy. They were professional officers, analogous to modern NCOs in terms of pay-grade, prestige, and responsibilities. In Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, the Byzantine army's centurions were also known by the name kentarch (Kentarches).[1]
During the Imperial era, centurions gradually rose in seniority in their cohort, commanding centuries with higher precedence, until commanding the senior century and therefore the whole cohort. The best centurions were then promoted to the first cohort and known as the Primi Ordines, commanding one of the cohort's five centuries and also taking on a staff role. The most senior centurion of the legion was the Primus Pilus who commanded the first century of the first cohort. All centurions, however senior, had their own allocated century. There was little difference between the ranks of centurions except for the Primus Pilus, who also participated in war councils.[5] The Primus Pilus was so called because his own century was the first file of the first (rightmost) cohort. Only eight officers in a fully officered legion outranked the Primus Pilus: the legate (legatus legionis), commanding the legion; the senior tribune (tribunus laticlavius), second-in-command of the legion; the Camp Prefect (praefectus castrorum); and the five other tribunes (tribuni angusticlavii) who served as senior staff officers to the legate.
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