Hi,
I do not think it will be possible to use proot for mounting a VFS without any priviledge.
You may though implement a virtual file system with a PRoot plugin, and for instance emulate a TMSU VFS of your own, quite an amount of work, nearly what is done in the TMSU VFS code itself. Though if you do not care much about completness, I suppose it may be possible in your use case to just emulate getdirent().
Then the difference will be that access to your mount point must be under the control of PRoot, i.e. applications/commands will have to be launched under PRoot or a PRooted shell or session.
I think that Cédric as some plans to implement a VFS support in PRoot in future versions (not for mounting an existing VFS implementation, but for offering a VFS like interface), not sure what it will be, but I suppose that it will ease the reuse of some existing VFS code by bridging it to the PRoot VFS interface easily.