Ok, I figured out how custom Lombok transformations work and how you should make them. I thought Lombok follows a kind of a modular approach when if you wan't to extend Lombok, you depend on it in your maven build and write your custom transformation. But instead, apparently, you have to fork Lombok if you want anything added to it.
The dependencies org.mangosdk.spi.ProviderFor and com.sun.tools.javac.* are retrieved upon an Ant build (by the way, the Ant build process for Lombok looks really smooth — I haven't had a single issue and that's fantastic, because I got used to Ant builds driving me crazy).
I still don't know why the extensions for classes in 1.16.0+ artifacts are *.SCL.lombok , but that is not a concern any more since I managed to write and test the custom AST transformation I wanted.
And is there any hope for Lombok to become more modular in future so it is easier to write custom transformations?