Me Scheme Rank
Nguyet Mahrenholz
We describe a variation of the Schnorr-Lyubashevsky approach to devising signature schemes that is adapted to rank based cryptography. This new approach enables us to obtain a randomization of the signature, which previously seemed difficult to derive for code-based cryptography. We provide a detailed analysis of attacks and an EUF-CMA proof for our scheme. Our scheme relies on the security of the Ideal Rank Support Learning and the Ideal Rank Syndrome problems and a newly introduced problem: Product Spaces Subspaces Indistinguishability, for which we give a detailed analysis. Overall the parameters we propose are efficient and comparable in terms of signature size to the Dilithium lattice-based scheme, with a signature size of 4 kB for a public key of size less than 20 kB.
I have written the LSAT 2x now, and only marginally improved my score (both times I wrote I was not prepared, the first time I had been finishing my undergrad and studying and scored a 148, the second time was this past Nov with a 153). Bottom line is that I know I can do better and I am willing to put the time and effort in to scoring high 160's on my BR's before I dare write again, even if it takes me a year! However, I did apply to some law schools in the States and Canada just in case there is a chance that I could get in. My question is, how much does the rank of a law school matter in the grand scheme of things? I am Canadian and would like to go to the States and take a concentration in International and National Security law. When I looked into it, there are some schools that are in the top 10 for that type of law but are ranked 50-110 on the national law school rankings by 7 Sage. For example, according to this article Albany Law school was #10 for that program but on 7 Sage it is #106. In sum, should I apply to schools that are (for example) #80 and #100 because they are known for what I want to take? Or aim for the top schools (who will may be able to offer me more in the long run?) once I have improved my LSAT score? I do not know how much weight I should put on the law school's national ranking. Ex) George Washington University or the American University?
how much does the rank of a law school matter in the grand scheme of things? [...] should I apply to schools that are (for example) #80 and #100 because they are known for what I want to take? Or aim for the top schools (who will may be able to offer me more in the long run?) once I have improved my LSAT score? I do not know how much weight I should put on the law school's national ranking.
Rank is a reflection of quality. I suggest that you check out the ABA required employment disclosures, Above the Law rankings and LST scores. All these three give insight into employment outcomes while dispensing of LSAT and GPA weight.
It is true that in general the top 14 schools are going to have significantly better employment opportunities than the following 14. However, once you get to about rank 30 on any list, the employment differences between schools get smaller and smaller. Below the T20, It comes down to what region you want to practice in rather than the rank of the school.
Just a guesstimate, but I'm thinking this was discussed at least ten times here (and about a million times collectively on the Internet). So I will not go into much details. But, in sum, I would personally put way far more weight on the national rankings.
People's interests change. For example, a law student who dreamed of becoming a litigator may, after getting destroyed by Civil Procedure, decide that (s)he wants to be a transactional lawyer instead. You might even realize that law is just not the path for you in the middle of your third year (like a FOAF did). When your interests change and you are in a law school whose overall ranking is, say, 150, your future prospects may not look as bright as it might have been if you opted for a law school whose overall ranking is something like 15.
I may be being really ignorant about this topic, but I also have very strong reservations about those program rankings. Not because there are some "programs" that I think won't be commercially viable for a while (space law comes to my mind), but because of a secondhand anecdote concerning a relative.
My aunt pursued a design-related major at a Korean college, which allegedly had a really strong design program back then but was otherwise unremarkable. One year before her graduation, some students in the department participated in a nationwide tournament. Teams from top universities also participated in the competition. Everyone on the team worked on the competition day and night; a good number of them even forwent their studies. Thanks to everyone's collective effort, the team won the first prize. The top universities' teams were eliminated quite quickly; all they got out of the experience was a line on their rsums about the experience.
Then recruiting and job search season came. Did design students from my aunt's university (which, again, was nationally recognized for its design program) have an easy time securing offers from the fashion industry? The answer is a resounding no -- only few, including some on the champion team and a number of others with significant accomplishments and connections, were fortunate enough to receive offers. The rest had to opt for other kinds of jobs. Design students from top universities enjoyed far better results, including those who didn't even participate in the tournament a single time. Those from my aunt's university who joined the fashion industry supposedly found themselves outnumbered by people from top and high-ranking institutions.
This is why I have serious reservations about program rankings. My story is not analogous at all. Quite the contrary -- different times, profession, culture, etc. But it indicates that institutional titles can mean a lot when it comes to opening doors. And the legal profession and those who resort to it seem to be very, very conscious of institutional background.
In some areas, a good state school with a strong local presence is arguably more likely to serve you well than a random #80-100 school without any sort of presence. If you want to go big law, rankings matter more--but I've known lots of folks even from T3 schools to land great federal clerkships and wind up at top big law firms after.
@FixedDice The more responses and articles I read, the more I understand! Thank you Also, you story about you aunt made a lot of sense to me and helped put things into perspective. I totally understand what you were saying and I will opt to take a year to get the mark I want/need before applying to the best law school I can, in the region I want to live and practice in. Thank you again!
In 2013, Tao et al. introduced the ABC Simple Matrix Scheme for Encryption, a multivariate public key encryption scheme. The scheme boasts great efficiency in encryption and decryption, though it suffers from very large public keys. It was quickly noted that the original proposal, utilizing square matrices, suffered from a very bad decryption failure rate. As a consequence, the designers later published updated parameters, replacing the square matrices with rectangular matrices and setting parameters to avoid the cryptanalysis of the original scheme presented in 2014 by Moody et al..
In this work we show that making the matrices rectangular, while decreasing the decryption failure rate, actually, and ironically, diminishes security. We show that the combinatorial rank methods employed in the original attack of Moody et al. can be enhanced by the same added degrees of freedom that reduce the decryption failure rate. Moreover, and quite interestingly, if the decryption failure rate is still reasonably high, as exhibited by the proposed parameters, we are able to mount a reaction attack to further enhance the combinatorial rank methods. To our knowledge this is the first instance of a reaction attack creating a significant advantage in this context.
The classification of finite group schemes over arbitrary ground schemes has been achieved in the case where the rank of $ G $is a prime number (cf. [2]). The case where $ G $is a commutative finite group scheme and $ S $is the spectrum of a field of characteristic $ p $is well known (see [1], [3], [7]).
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