Magic Viewer Manual

[Lauro Pericles]

Preservedin the Bavarian State Library in Munich is a manuscript that few scholars have noticed and that no one in modern times has treated with the seriousness it deserves. Forbidden Rites consists of an edition of this medieval Latin text with a full commentary, including detailed analysis of the text and its contents, discussion of the historical context, translation of representative sections of the text, and comparison with other necromantic texts of the late Middle Ages. The result is the most vivid and readable introduction to medieval magic now available.

With more detail on particular experiments than the famous thirteenth-century Picatrix and more variety than the Thesaurus Necromantiae ascribed to Roger Bacon, the manual is one of the most interesting and important manuscripts of medieval magic that has yet come to light.

To Jupyter users: Magics are specific to and provided by the IPython kernel.Whether Magics are available on a kernel is a decision that is made bythe kernel developer on a per-kernel basis. To work properly, Magics mustuse a syntax element which is not valid in the underlying language. Forexample, the IPython kernel uses the % syntax element for Magics as %is not a valid unary operator in Python. However, % might have meaning inother languages.

sync turn on the pseudo-sync integration (mostly used forIPython.embed() which does not run IPython with a real eventloop anddeactivate running asynchronous code. Turning on Asynchronous code withthe pseudo sync loop is undefined behavior and may lead IPython to crash.

This command automatically maintains an internal list of directoriesyou visit during your IPython session, in the variable _dh. Thecommand %dhist shows this history nicely formatted. You canalso do cd - to see directory history conveniently.Usage:

This magic command support two ways of activating debugger.One is to activate debugger before executing code. This way, youcan set a break point, to step through the code from the point.You can use this mode by giving statements to execute and optionallya breakpoint.

The other one is to activate debugger in post-mortem mode. You canactivate this mode simply running %debug without any argument.If an exception has just occurred, this lets you inspect its stackframes interactively. Note that this will always work only on the lasttraceback that occurred, so you must call this quickly after anexception that you wish to inspect has fired, because if another oneoccurs, it clobbers the previous one.

This mode is intended to make IPython behave as much as possible like aplain Python shell, from the perspective of how its prompts, exceptionsand output look. This makes it easy to copy and paste parts of asession into doctests. It does so by:

After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code youtyped in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This wayyou can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,via _ or Out[], where is the prompt number ofthe output.

This magic command can either take a local filename, a URL, an historyrange (see %history) or a macro as argument, it will prompt forconfirmation before loading source with more than 200 000 characters, unless-y flag is passed or if the frontend does not support raw_input:

-q: quiet macro definition. By default, a tag line is printedto indicate the macro has been created, and then the contents ofthe macro are printed. If this option is given, then no printoutis produced once the macro is created.

In addition, see the docstrings ofmatplotlib_inline.backend_inline.set_matplotlib_formats andmatplotlib_inline.backend_inline.set_matplotlib_close for more information onchanging additional behaviors of the inline backend.

If the given argument is not an object currently defined, IPython willtry to interpret it as a filename (automatically adding a .py extensionif needed). You can thus use %pfile as a syntax highlighting codeviewer.

In cell mode, the additional code lines are appended to the (possiblyempty) statement in the first line. Cell mode allows you to easilyprofile multiline blocks without having to put them in a separatefunction.

save (via dump_stats) profile statistics to givenfilename. This data is in a format understood by the pstats module, andis generated by a call to the dump_stats() method of profileobjects. The profile is still shown on screen.

where PATTERN is a string containing * as a wildcard similar to itsuse in a shell. The pattern is matched in all namespaces on thesearch path. By default objects starting with a single _ are notmatched, many IPython generated objects have a singleunderscore. The default is case insensitive matching. Matching isalso done on the attributes of objects and not only on the objectsin a module.

Is the name of a python type from the types module. The name isgiven in lowercase without the ending type, ex. StringType iswritten string. By adding a type here only objects matching thegiven type are matched. Using all here makes the pattern match alltypes (this is the default).

If foo+bar can be evaluated in the user namespace, the result isplaced at the next input prompt. Otherwise, the history is searchedfor lines which contain that substring, and the most recent one isplaced at the next input prompt.

The filename argument should be either a pure Python script (withextension .py), or a file with custom IPython syntax (such asmagics). If the latter, the file can be either a script with .ipyextension, or a Jupyter notebook with .ipynb extension. When runninga Jupyter notebook, the output from print statements and otherdisplayed objects will appear in the terminal (even matplotlib figureswill open, if a terminal-compliant backend is being used). Note that,at the system command line, the jupyter run command offers similarfunctionality for executing notebooks (albeit currently with somedifferences in supported options).

ignore sys.exit() calls or SystemExit exceptions in the scriptbeing run. This is particularly useful if IPython is being used torun unittests, which always exit with a sys.exit() call. In suchcases you are interested in the output of the test results, not inseeing a traceback of the unittest module.

print timing information at the end of the run. IPython will giveyou an estimated CPU time consumption for your script, which underUnix uses the resource module to avoid the wraparound problems oftime.clock(). Under Unix, an estimate of time spent on system tasksis also given (for Windows platforms this is reported as 0.0).

specify module name to load instead of script path. Similar tothe -m option for the python interpreter. Use this option last if youwant to combine with other %run options. Unlike the python interpreteronly source modules are allowed no .pyc or .pyo files.For example:

In most cases you should not need to split as a list, because thereturned value is a special type of string which can automaticallyprovide its contents either as a list (split on newlines) or as aspace-separated string. These are convenient, respectively, eitherfor sequential processing or to be passed to a shell command.

Similarly, the lists returned by the -l option are also special, inthe sense that you can equally invoke the .s attribute on them toautomatically get a whitespace-separated string from their contents:

In the example below, the actual exponentiation is done by Pythonat compilation time, so while the expression can take a noticeableamount of time to compute, that time is purely due to thecompilation:

The times reported by %timeit will be slightly higher than thosereported by the timeit.py script when variables are accessed. This isdue to the fact that %timeit executes the statement in the namespaceof the shell, compared with timeit.py, which uses a single setupstatement to import function or create variables. Generally, the biasdoes not matter as long as results from timeit.py are not mixed withthose from %timeit.

utils.io.CapturedIO object with stdout/err attributes for thetext of the captured output. CapturedOutput also has a show()method for displaying the output, and __call__ as well, so youcan use that to quickly display the output. If unspecified,captured output is discarded.

When I first saw scans from a Frontier Scanner, I was immediately hooked. I never saw something more sweet or more compelling. Negatives that have been scanned by this machine have something magical. In my eyes the Fuji Frontier, although it is unfortunately not produced anymore, has done more to the renaissance of film than any other medium, camera or other equipment. The popular look that so many of us analog photographers want to achieve is often only possible with a good scanner and I do know that there are alternatives to the Fuji Frontier, but the true magic can hardly be matched. The Frontier retains the full dynamic range which is captured on the film and the difficult contrast expansion is done so well that it adds just the right amount of mid tone contrast in almost any kind of light situation. This gives us the feel of a real photograph while holding all the valuable color information. Skin tones look super natural and the highlights sing!

So where does this magic come from? The RA4 process that is required to develop analog color paper is cumbersome and requires processing in full darkness. It is very temperature critical similar to C-41. Making great color prints in the darkroom is almost a lost craft that only a view really good printers are still able to do. The simple answer to this problem is scanning and Fuji has made a whole production line to help Minilabs to deliver fast and easy prints to all those customers who want their film developed and processed in less than an hour. With the advent of digital those mini labs started to disappear. The demand of paper prints declined and the machines were sold or demolished. Today the SP-3000 is again getting more and more attention. It is the scanner part of the production line and it is capable of making awesome digital files. I would say that the Fuji Frontier is maybe making the best straight scans from color negative film availability today.

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