<exercise label="11-2-mc">
<statement>
<p>
Let
<m>
\ds{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n}
</m>
be a series, and let
<m>
S_{n}
</m>
be the
<m>
n
</m>
th partial sum of the series. Someone hands you a formula for
<m>
S_{n}
</m>
, given by
<m>
\ds{S_n=\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{n}}}
</m>
for all
<m>
n \geq 1
</m>
. Based on this information, which of the following statements
<alert>
must
</alert>
be true? Circle all correct answers and explain your reasoning.
</p>
</statement>
<choices multiple-correct="yes" marker="a">
<choice correct="yes" >
<statement>
<p>
The sequence
<m>
\{S_{n}\}
</m>
converges to
<m>
4
</m>
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True because
<m>
\ds \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{n}}=4.
</m>
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice>
<statement>
<p>
The sequence
<m>
\{S_{n}\}
</m>
diverges
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
False.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice>
<statement>
<p>
<m>
\ds{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n}
</m>
diverges
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
False.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice correct="yes">
<statement>
<p>
<m>
\ds{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n}
</m>
converges
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True because once we know that (a) is true, we know that the sequence of partial sums converges. This is the definition of what it means for a series to converge.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice correct="yes">
<statement>
<p>
<m>
\ds{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n=4}
</m>
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True because the sequence of partial sums converges to 4. This is the definition of what it means for the series to converge to 4.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice correct="yes">
<statement>
<p>
<m>
\ds{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 5a_n=20}
</m>
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True:
<md>
\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 5a_{n} = 5\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_{n} = 5\cdot 4=20.
</md>
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice correct="yes">
<statement>
<p>
<m>
\ds{a_5 = \frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{5}}-\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{4}}}
</m>
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True. You can see this by computing terms, but a faster way is to use problem 1. Notice that
<m>
\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{5}}=S_{5}
</m>
and
<m>
\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{4}}=S_{4}.
</m>
By problem 1 we know that
<m>
a_{5}=S_{5}-S_{4}
</m>
, so this must be true. </p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice correct="yes">
<statement>
<p>
<m>
\ds{a_n=\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{n}}-\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{n-1}}}
</m>
for
<m>
n \geq 2
</m>
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True. We again get this for free by number 1. We have that
<m>
S_{n}=\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{n}}
</m>
and
<m>
S_{n-1}=\frac{4}{1+\frac{1}{n-1}},
</m>
so in other words this question is asking if
<m>
a_{n}=S_{n}-S_{n-1},
</m>
but in number one we showed that this is always true.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice correct="yes">
<statement>
<p>
The sequence
<m>
\{a_{n}\}
</m>
converges
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True. We've already justified that the series converges; in order for this to be true, the sequence
<m>
\{a_{n}\}
</m>
must converge.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice>
<statement>
<p>
The sequence
<m>
\{a_{n}\}
</m>
converges to 4
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
False, the sequence
<m>
a_{n}
</m>
converges to 0.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
<choice correct="yes">
<statement>
<p>
<m>
\ds{\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n=0}
</m>
</p>
</statement>
<feedback>
<p>
True. We've already justified that the series converges; in order for this to be true, the sequence
<m>
\{a_{n}\}
</m>
must converge. In particular the sequence must converge to 0. (Think about the divergence test, if the sequence
<m>
\{a_{n}\}
</m>
did not converge to 0, then we'd immediately get that the series diverges.
</p>
</feedback>
</choice>
</choices>
</exercise>