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Ronna Bordelon
Azure App Service lets Java developers to quickly build, deploy, and scale their Java SE, Tomcat, and JBoss EAP web applications on a fully managed service. Deploy applications with Maven plugins, from the command line, or in editors like IntelliJ, Eclipse, or Visual Studio Code.
This guide provides key concepts and instructions for Java developers using App Service. If you've never used Azure App Service, you should read through the Java quickstart first. General questions about using App Service that aren't specific to Java development are answered in the App Service FAQ.
This command adds an azure-webapp-maven-plugin plugin and related configuration by prompting you to select an existing Azure Web App or create a new one. Then you can deploy your Java app to Azure using the following command:
Your .jar application must be named app.jar for App Service to identify and run your application. The Maven plugin does this for you automatically during deployment. If you don't wish to rename your JAR to app.jar, you can upload a shell script with the command to run your .jar app. Paste the absolute path to this script in the Startup File textbox in the Configuration section of the portal. The startup script doesn't run from the directory into which it's placed. Therefore, always use absolute paths to reference files in your startup script (for example: java -jar /home/myapp/myapp.jar).
To deploy .ear files, use FTP. Your .ear application is deployed to the context root defined in your application's configuration. For example, if the context root of your app is myapp, then you can browse the site at the /myapp path: -app-name.azurewebsites.net/myapp. If you want your web app to be served in the root path, ensure that your app sets the context root to the root path: /. For more information, see Setting the context root of a web application.
Possible values for --level are: Error, Warning, Info, and Verbose. Each subsequent level includes the previous level. For example: Error includes only error messages, and Verbose includes all messages.
If you're not yet authenticated, you're required to authenticate with your Azure subscription to connect. Once authenticated, you see an in-browser shell, where you can run commands inside your container.
All Java runtimes on Azure App Service come with the JDK Flight Recorder for profiling Java workloads. You can use it to record JVM, system, and application events and troubleshoot problems in your applications.
To take a timed recording, you need the PID (Process ID) of the Java application. To find the PID, open a browser to your web app's SCM site at This page shows the running processes in your web app. Find the process named "java" in the table and copy the corresponding PID (Process ID).
Next, open the Debug Console in the top toolbar of the SCM site and run the following command. Replace with the process ID you copied earlier. This command starts a 30-second profiler recording of your Java application and generate a file named timed_recording_example.jfr in the C:\home directory.
SSH into your App Service and run the jcmd command to see a list of all the Java processes running. In addition to jcmd itself, you should see your Java application running with a process ID number (pid).
Execute the following command to start a 30-second recording of the JVM. It profiles the JVM and creates a JFR file named jfr_example.jfr in the home directory. (Replace 116 with the pid of your Java app.)
You can use Java Flight Recorder to continuously profile your Java application with minimal impact on runtime performance. To do so, run the following Azure CLI command to create an App Setting named JAVA_OPTS with the necessary configuration. The contents of the JAVA_OPTS App Setting are passed to the java command when your app is started.
Use FTPS to download your JFR file to your local machine. To analyze the JFR file, download and install Java Mission Control. For instructions on Java Mission Control, see the JMC documentation and the installation instructions.
Enable application logging through the Azure portal or Azure CLI to configure App Service to write your application's standard console output and standard console error streams to the local filesystem or Azure Blob Storage. Logging to the local App Service filesystem instance is disabled 12 hours after it's configured. If you need longer retention, configure the application to write output to a Blob storage container. Your Java and Tomcat app logs can be found in the /home/LogFiles/Application/ directory.
Enable application logging through the Azure portal or Azure CLI to configure App Service to write your application's standard console output and standard console error streams to the local filesystem or Azure Blob Storage. If you need longer retention, configure the application to write output to a Blob storage container. Your Java and Tomcat app logs can be found in the /home/LogFiles/Application/ directory.
If your application uses Logback or Log4j for tracing, you can forward these traces for review into Azure Application Insights using the logging framework configuration instructions in Explore Java trace logs in Application Insights.
To set allocated memory or other JVM runtime options, create an app setting named JAVA_OPTS with the options. App Service passes this setting as an environment variable to the Java runtime when it starts.
In the Azure portal, under Application Settings for the web app, create a new app setting named JAVA_OPTS for Java SE or CATALINA_OPTS for Tomcat that includes other settings, such as -Xms512m -Xmx1204m.
Set up app authentication in the Azure portal with the Authentication and Authorization option. From there, you can enable authentication using Microsoft Entra ID or social sign-ins like Facebook, Google, or GitHub. Azure portal configuration only works when configuring a single authentication provider. For more information, see Configure your App Service app to use Microsoft Entra sign-in and the related articles for other identity providers. If you need to enable multiple sign-in providers, follow the instructions in Customize sign-ins and sign-outs.
Spring Boot developers can use the Microsoft Entra Spring Boot starter to secure applications using familiar Spring Security annotations and APIs. Be sure to increase the maximum header size in your application.properties file. We suggest a value of 16384.
Your Tomcat application can access the user's claims directly from the servlet by casting the Principal object to a Map object. The Map object maps each claim type to a collection of the claims for that type. In the following code example, request is an instance of HttpServletRequest.
To sign out users, use the /.auth/ext/logout path. To perform other actions, see the documentation on Customize sign-ins and sign-outs. There's also official documentation on the Tomcat HttpServletRequest interface and its methods. The following servlet methods are also hydrated based on your App Service configuration:
To disable this feature, create an Application Setting named WEBSITE_AUTH_SKIP_PRINCIPAL with a value of 1. To disable all servlet filters added by App Service, create a setting named WEBSITE_SKIP_FILTERS with a value of 1.
To upload an existing TLS/SSL certificate and bind it to your application's domain name, follow the instructions in Secure a custom DNS name with an TLS/SSL binding in Azure App Service. You can also configure the app to enforce TLS/SSL.
Azure KeyVault provides centralized secret management with access policies and audit history. You can store secrets (such as passwords or connection strings) in KeyVault and access these secrets in your application through environment variables.
First, follow the instructions for granting your app access to a key vault and making a KeyVault reference to your secret in an Application Setting. You can validate that the reference resolves to the secret by printing the environment variable while remotely accessing the App Service terminal.
To inject these secrets in your Spring or Tomcat configuration file, use environment variable injection syntax ($MY_ENV_VAR). For Spring configuration files, see this documentation on externalized configurations.
By default, any public or private certificates uploaded to App Service Linux are loaded into the respective Java Key Stores as the container starts. After uploading your certificate, you'll need to restart your App Service for it to be loaded into the Java Key Store. Public certificates are loaded into the Key Store at $JRE_HOME/lib/security/cacerts, and private certificates are stored in $JRE_HOME/lib/security/client.jks.
You can load certificates manually to the key store. Create an app setting, SKIP_JAVA_KEYSTORE_LOAD, with a value of 1 to disable App Service from loading the certificates into the key store automatically. All public certificates uploaded to App Service via the Azure portal are stored under /var/ssl/certs/. Private certificates are stored under /var/ssl/private/.
You can interact or debug the Java Key Tool by opening an SSH connection to your App Service and running the command keytool. See the Key Tool documentation for a list of commands. For more information on the KeyStore API, see the official documentation.
This section shows how to connect Java applications deployed on Azure App Service with Azure Monitor Application Insights, NewRelic, and AppDynamics application performance monitoring (APM) platforms.
Azure Monitor Application Insights is a cloud native application monitoring service that enables customers to observe failures, bottlenecks, and usage patterns to improve application performance and reduce mean time to resolution (MTTR). With a few clicks or CLI commands, you can enable monitoring for your Node.js or Java apps, autocollecting logs, metrics, and distributed traces, eliminating the need for including an SDK in your app. For more information about the available app settings for configuring the agent, see the Application Insights documentation.
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