The Departure Max Richter //FREE\\ Download
Lorita Swartzwelder
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Reviews in American History 31.2 (2003) 184-191 // -->
[Access article in PDF] Facing East, or Looking Outward and Inward Steven W. Hackel Daniel K. Richter. Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001. x + 317 pp. Illustrations, maps, and index. $26.00 (cloth); $18.95 (paper). Daniel K. Richter has written a superb and illuminating history of Indian life in the lands east of the Mississippi River from the Indians' first encounters with Europeans in the late fifteenth century through their forced removal in the nineteenth century. This book marks a departure in scope from Richter's earlier works, which have focused largely on the Northeast during the colonial era. Here, Richter has given us a book that is multi-regional in scope and adept at describing the advance of the frontier in its many forms from the perspective of a wide range of Native communities. Thus, the volume's title, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America, reflects the book's perspective and embodies its author's unproblematic assumption that history looks different depending upon where you sit. While the perspective of Facing East from Indian Country is clearly revisionist, Richter's acceptance, at least rhetorically, of the frontier as ultimately westward moving remains traditional. What makes this book essential for scholars of American Indian history as well as those of Early America is Richter's masterful synthesis of secondary materials, his careful presentation and interpretation of primary sources, and his ability to portray the struggles of various peoples against abstract forces without ever losing sight of the individual and human side of his story. Readers will quickly grasp why Facing East was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in history and wasawarded the 2001-2002 Louis Gottschalk Prize of the American Society of Eighteenth-Century Studies.
Such resourcefulness will be sorely missed when Richter steps down next August as director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California (see page 397). Indeed, the exit of the Nobel-prizewinning physicist will leave many scientists at the Department of Energy laboratories wondering where they will see his like again. For coming on top of last year's unfortunate departure of Nick Samios (another blunt New Yorker) from the Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, and next year's retirement of John Peoples from Fermilab in Illinois, Richter's departure leaves the US high-energy physics community grappling for fresh leadership at a time when its political support is far from assured.
Coastal habitats are being impacted by land development, fragmentation, and disturbance related to climate change. The remaining natural areas need to use planned management that may, in some cases, include the use of prescribed fire to maintain habitat quality. Numerous species of passerines, including some with declining populations, use the Gulf Coast as a wintering area, and some depend on habitats managed by fire. To provide information for land managers, I studied the winter bird community at Naval Live Oaks in Gulf Islands National Seashore with two primary objectives: (1) to describe the distribution, abundance, and diversity of the non-breeding winter bird community among the available habitats, and (2) to describe the distribution, abundance, home range size, foraging behavior, and spring-migration departure times of Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) found in the dominant available habitats. These habitats include fire-managed areas such as longleaf pine savanna, oak scrub, and sand pine scrub. During the winters of 2013 and 2014, the bird community was surveyed with repeated fixed-area searches paired with vegetation surveys. Kinglets were banded and regularly re-sighted to record foraging behavior, map home ranges, and monitor spring departure times throughout the winter and the spring migratory period. Bird community surveys revealed differences in the abundance, distributions, and diversity between the two years and within habitats. Species richness was minimally higher in 2014 than in 2013, but overall abundance increased in all habitats. Different fire-management regimes provided varying structures of habitat that provide both high- and low-quality habitat. Habitat segregation among age/sex classes of Ruby-crowned Kinglets was apparent in some habitats. Male kinglets were on average larger than other kinglets based on structural body size. Foraging attack type varied in regards to the burn treatment, but total attack rate did not. Body size was a strong indicator of the timing of spring departure, which may explain some of the overlap between the departure times of the age/sex classes. My results provide a description of the landbird habitat use in the different available habitats of the Naval Like Oaks area of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, and suggest that fire-based management will help to maintain the current bird community structure. The current mosaic of habitats at Naval Live Oaks provides both successional gradients and ecotonal gradients that provide a wide range of habitats. The diversity of habitats provides areas for a diversity of ecological niches. Species that use predominantly pine trees (Brown-headed Nuthatches, Pine Warblers, and Eastern Bluebirds) and open habitats have the strongest responses to fire management. Kinglets also responded to changes in habitat by demonstrating differing abundances and evidence of segregation among age/sex classes, but these differences were not completely dependent on fire-based management. Suitable high quality habitats were found in both burned and unburned areas, and depended largely on available foraging substrate and the corresponding horizontal structure.
Although the record contains insufficient evidence to support the assessment of 10 points under the risk factor of forcible compulsion, defendant's presumptive risk level remains well within risk level two even after deducting those points. The court properly exercised its discretion in declining to grant a downward departure (see People v Cintron, 12 NY3d 60, 70 [2009], cert denied 558 US 1011 [2009]; People v Johnson, 11 NY3d 416, 421 [2008]). Defendant did not demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence any mitigating factors that would warrant a downward departure (see People v Gillotti, 23 NY3d 841, 861 [2014]). Defendant, who has a long history of past convictions, including one involving endangerment of a minor, committed a sexual offense against his minor stepdaughter. We do not find that the mitigating factors cited by defendant warrant a downward departure to level one, when viewed in light of all the circumstances (see e.g. People v Harrison, 74 AD3d 688 [1st Dept 2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 711 [2010]).
It is shown that depth-dependent departures from LTE such as obtained by Athay and Lites (1972) will not notably affect the solar curve-of-growth of Fe i. This implies that both abundance and microturbulence may be determined from this curve-of-growth assuming LTE, and excludes that microturbulence is an artefact produced by non-LTE effects.
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