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While this phenomenon has traditionally been called a migration, it is actually an annual mating ritual performed by male tarantulas who roam across the 443,000-plus acres on the Comanche National Grassland looking to mate.
This dark brown to black species of the genus Aphonopelma is common here because its females prefer to make their burrows in the plentiful undisturbed prairies on the Comanche National Grassland of Southeast Colorado. Once these females have made their burrows, they tend to stick close to them for the entirety of their lives, which can be 25 years long.
Ideal places to look for those males are south of La Junta on Highways 10, 350, and 109, and county roads in between, an hour or so before sunset. Comanche National Grassland is a good place to spot them as well.
Prior to this age, these boys have not left the grassland in southeast Colorado at all but have simply been buying their time until they reach mating age. And though you are likely to spot one at a time, you may be lucky enough to see a group of these males who use their sense of touch and vibration to locate the females.
Tarantulas are very large, hairy spiders that can be found in the southwestern United States, including southern Colorado. All species found in this area are generally dark brown to black. The tarantula can attain a body length of up to 2 inches and a leg span of up to 5 inches.
Males reach maturity about 7-10 years after egg hatch. They can travel as many as twenty miles and oftentimes are in groups searching for a mature female. Once fertilization has occurred, the female constructs a huge (golf ball-sized) egg sac, to lay her eggs in. She then protects the egg sac from predators and turns it frequently. Hundreds of spiderlings can hatch at a time. Almost all tarantulas that are observed are mature males seeking a mate. Tarantula mating is probably one of the strangest animal reproduction rituals. It is unlike anything else we have seen in the animal realm, and it functions in a completely different way thanks to tarantulas' unusual bodies.
Males who have reached sexual maturity will usually go through an "ultimate" or final molt and "hook out," which means they will have their tibial hooks as well as bulbs at the end of their pedipalps. This is a physical marker of sexual maturity. Therefore, many won't be surprised to find this male tarantula constructing a sperm web in preparation for mating.
Females, on the other hand, may live for more than two decades, and they rarely leave the vicinity of their burrows. Females are larger than the males and reach maturity between 8 to 10 years. It is not uncommon for females to live over 20 years. However, males rarely live one year past maturity and usually die during or shortly after mating because they are killed by vehicles while crossing the roads or become the victim of predators like tarantula hawk wasps, coyotes, or even female tarantulas.
Tarantula hawks, the spider hunting wasp, prey on tarantulas. These huge wasps (the largest wasps in the United States) feed on nectar but reproduce in a particularly morbid fashion. When a female wasp is ready to lay her eggs, she seeks out a tarantula and injects it with paralyzing venom. She drags the tarantula to a burrow, stuffs it down the hole, then lays her eggs on top of the paralyzed spider. Several days later, the eggs hatch, and the larvae feed on the still-living tarantula.
Do not forget to stop by one of the many Farm Markets along Highway 50 when you come to view the tarantulas! Arkansas Valley farmers work hard on their farms all season to grow a wide variety of produce, such as corn, watermelons, cantaloupes, and much more.
The glikar'ma found on Andoria lived in the ice-encrusted conifers of the forests along the northernmost forested zones of Ka'Thela and Voral. There were actually several subspecies, most were equally deadly. They normally fed on small mammals, but some were "stupid enough to think that an Andorian looks edible." Fiercely territorial, and very intelligent for an arachnid, it seemed capable of sneak-attacks, though it was not sentient. (Last Unicorn RPG module: The Andorians: Among the Clans)
Glikar'ma venom was instantly fatal to small mammals, but will paralyze larger animals such as humanoids. In larger species (up to about the size of a bear) it would cause disorientation and weakness, rendering them paralyzed but conscious for at least seven hours, during which the glikar'ma would consume the creature, sucking its blood first. (Last Unicorn RPG module: The Andorians: Among the Clans)
In 2409, aggressively territorial glikar'ma ice spiders infested the cave leading to the Reman Resistance underground base on Dera IV. The spiders attacked an Allied away team seeking entrance to the Reman base but were killed by the trespassers. (STO - Cloaked Intentions mission: "Frozen")
The Ferengi Lobi Crystal Consortium sold special requisition packs containing docile arachnid companions to their customers on Drozana Station. Customers would not know which sort of spider the pack they bought contained. Glikar'ma ice spiders were one of the domesticated arachnids. (STO video game: Legacy of Romulus)
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