Time-Restricted Eating Has No Benefit, According to Scientists
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Prakash Kumar
Apr 23, 2022, 12:13:43 AM4/23/22
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The weight-loss concept is intriguing: Limit your eating to a six- to eight-hour window each day when you can eat whatever you want.
Time-restricted feeding, a type of the popular intermittent fasting diet, appeared to be supported in mice studies. It was hypothesized in small trials of obese patients that it might help them lose weight.
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Time-restricted feeding, a type of the popular intermittent fasting diet, appeared to be supported in mice studies. It was hypothesized in small trials of obese patients that it might help them lose weight.
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However, a comprehensive one-year research in which subjects consumed the same number of calories at any time during the day or followed a low-calorie diet between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. found no effect.
"There is no benefit to eating in a restricted window," said Dr. Ethan Weiss, a diet researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.
Researchers from Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, China, led the study, which involved 139 obese patients. It was published in the New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday. Men ate 1,500 to 1,800 calories per day, whereas women ate 1,200 to 1,500 calories per day. Participants were expected to photograph every bite of food they ate and keep meal diaries to verify compliance.
Both groups lost weight — on average, 14 to 18 pounds — but the quantities of weight lost with each diet plan were not significantly different. There were no significant variations in waist circumference, body fat, or lean body mass across the groups.
The researchers also discovered no variations in risk indicators such as blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, or blood pressure.
"These findings suggest that calorie restriction accounted for the majority of the favorable effects found with the time-restricted eating regimen," Dr. Weiss and colleagues concluded.
Although this is not the first study to look into time-restricted eating, earlier studies were frequently smaller, shorter in duration, and lacked control groups. People lost weight by eating only for a short period of time during the day, according to that research.
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Dr. Weiss used to be a firm believer in time-restricted eating, claiming to have eaten only between noon and 8 p.m. for seven years.
He and his colleagues previously invited some of the 116 adult volunteers to eat three meals a day, plus snacks if they became hungry, and others to eat anything they wanted between midday and 8 p.m. Participants dropped a small amount of weight, with the time-restricted eating group losing two pounds on average and the control group losing 1.5 pounds, a difference that was not statistically significant.
Dr. Weiss said in an interview that he couldn't believe the results. He asked the statisticians to re-analyze the data four times before they told him that more work wouldn't change the outcome.
He admitted, "I was a devotee." "It was difficult to accept."
That experiment was only 12 weeks long. Even a one-year trial appears to have failed to discover a benefit in time-restricted eating.
Dr. Christopher Gardner, the Stanford Prevention Research Center's director of nutrition studies, said he wouldn't be shocked if time-restricted eating helped on occasion.
He claims that "almost every type of diet out there works for some people." "However, when subjected to a well prepared and conducted study — scientific analysis — it is no more useful than just limiting daily calorie consumption for weight loss and health considerations," says the new research.
Time-restricted diets, according to weight-loss experts, are unlikely to fade away. "We don't have a clear answer yet" on whether the method helps people lose weight, according to Courtney Peterson, a time-restricted eating researcher at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
She believes that the diet will help patients by restricting the quantity of calories they can consume each day. Dr. Peterson stated, "We just need to undertake larger investigations."
Dr. Louis J. Aronne, head of Weill Cornell Medicine's Comprehensive Weight Control Center in New York, says that some patients who struggle with calorie-counting diets do better if they are simply told to eat just for a certain amount of time each day.
"While that technique hasn't been demonstrated to be better, it doesn't appear to be worse," he said. "It provides patients with additional opportunities for success."
According to Dr. Caroline Apovian, co-director of the Center for Weight Management and Wellness at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, the theory behind time-restricted eating is that circadian genes that are known to improve metabolism are turned on during daylight hours.
"If you overeat a little during daylight hours, are you more able to burn those calories rather than store them?" she asked as a study topic. Dr. Apovian said she'd want to see a study that compared a group of subjects who overate all day to a group of subjects who overate on a time-restricted basis.
Even if "we don't have proof," she said she would still advocate time-restricted eating to patients.
Dr. Weiss said his own study convinced him, and the new evidence just confirmed his belief that time-restricted eating isn't beneficial.
However, a comprehensive one-year research in which subjects consumed the same number of calories at any time during the day or followed a low-calorie diet between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. found no effect.
"There is no benefit to eating in a restricted window," said Dr. Ethan Weiss, a diet researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.
Researchers from Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, China, led the study, which involved 139 obese patients. It was published in the New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday. Men ate 1,500 to 1,800 calories per day, whereas women ate 1,200 to 1,500 calories per day. Participants were expected to photograph every bite of food they ate and keep meal diaries to verify compliance.
Both groups lost weight — on average, 14 to 18 pounds — but the quantities of weight lost with each diet plan were not significantly different. There were no significant variations in waist circumference, body fat, or lean body mass across the groups.
The researchers also discovered no variations in risk indicators such as blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, or blood pressure.
"These findings suggest that calorie restriction accounted for the majority of the favorable effects found with the time-restricted eating regimen," Dr. Weiss and colleagues concluded.
Although this is not the first study to look into time-restricted eating, earlier studies were frequently smaller, shorter in duration, and lacked control groups. People lost weight by eating only for a short period of time during the day, according to that research.
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Dr. Weiss used to be a firm believer in time-restricted eating, claiming to have eaten only between noon and 8 p.m. for seven years.
He and his colleagues previously invited some of the 116 adult volunteers to eat three meals a day, plus snacks if they became hungry, and others to eat anything they wanted between midday and 8 p.m. Participants dropped a small amount of weight, with the time-restricted eating group losing two pounds on average and the control group losing 1.5 pounds, a difference that was not statistically significant.
Dr. Weiss said in an interview that he couldn't believe the results. He asked the statisticians to re-analyze the data four times before they told him that more work wouldn't change the outcome.
He admitted, "I was a devotee." "It was difficult to accept."
That experiment was only 12 weeks long. Even a one-year trial appears to have failed to discover a benefit in time-restricted eating.
Dr. Christopher Gardner, the Stanford Prevention Research Center's director of nutrition studies, said he wouldn't be shocked if time-restricted eating helped on occasion.
He claims that "almost every type of diet out there works for some people." "However, when subjected to a well prepared and conducted study — scientific analysis — it is no more useful than just limiting daily calorie consumption for weight loss and health considerations," says the new research.
Time-restricted diets, according to weight-loss experts, are unlikely to fade away. "We don't have a clear answer yet" on whether the method helps people lose weight, according to Courtney Peterson, a time-restricted eating researcher at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
She believes that the diet will help patients by restricting the quantity of calories they can consume each day. Dr. Peterson stated, "We just need to undertake larger investigations."
Dr. Louis J. Aronne, head of Weill Cornell Medicine's Comprehensive Weight Control Center in New York, says that some patients who struggle with calorie-counting diets do better if they are simply told to eat just for a certain amount of time each day.
"While that technique hasn't been demonstrated to be better, it doesn't appear to be worse," he said. "It provides patients with additional opportunities for success."
According to Dr. Caroline Apovian, co-director of the Center for Weight Management and Wellness at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, the theory behind time-restricted eating is that circadian genes that are known to improve metabolism are turned on during daylight hours.
"If you overeat a little during daylight hours, are you more able to burn those calories rather than store them?" she asked as a study topic. Dr. Apovian said she'd want to see a study that compared a group of subjects who overate all day to a group of subjects who overate on a time-restricted basis.
Even if "we don't have proof," she said she would still advocate time-restricted eating to patients.
Dr. Weiss said his own study convinced him, and the new evidence just confirmed his belief that time-restricted eating isn't beneficial.
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