In the IS:1893 seismic definition, you have used ST 3 parameter. This specifies that the type of structure is 3 which represents the moment resisting frame with brick infills. For this type of structures, approximate fundamental natural time period (Ta) is calculated as per cl-7.6.2 of IS:1893-2002.
Many early Miamians were anxious to provide visitors a glimpse of the mysterious Everglades, which stood, in some areas, just four miles or so west of Biscayne Bay. Abutting the eastern edge of the Everglades were the falls, an area where sheets of water, particularly in the rainy season, dropped into a recessed area marking the headwaters of the north fork of the Miami River. From there, the water gushed over and around rocks in the riverbed, creating the rapids, ribbons of swirling water racing in an easterly direction.
In the previous installment of this series, we followed the journey of Dr. Walter Graham through Miami and other portions of southeast Florida in 1893, at a time when that region was essentially an undeveloped wilderness. We left Graham as he was turning away from the headwaters of the Miami River preparatory to visiting Cocoanut Grove, the most flourishing community on the southeast Florida mainland.
Part 1 of this study described the backdrop to the development of Kraepelin's ideas on dementia praecox and examined the response to the concept in the British psychiatric textbooks and journals of the period. Part 2 now explores the reaction to the concept in the professional meetings of the period, held by the British Medical Association (BMA) and the Medico-Psychological Association (MPA) during the years 1893 to 1913. In addition, it examines and evaluates the main issues and conclusions arising from the debate.
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The concept of stiffness modifiers is introduced for the first time in IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016. The clause no. 6.4.3.1 of the code defines requirements for structural analysis. It is mentioned in the clause that for structural analysis, we should consider reduced moment of inertial for RCC structures. For columns, 70 percent of Igross should be considered and for beams, 35 percent of Igross to be considered. This clause has generated many questions among the group of structural engineers. The overall objective of writing this article is to collate views/suggestions from the wider group of engineers. In the following section, I have attempted to give answers to few questions, received from different engineers. The answers are given for buildings having height less than 50 m. The comparison of stiffness modifiers with IS 16700 : 2017 & IS 15988 : 2013 will be done in the subsequent article.
Generally, the stiffness modifiers are different for serviceability and the ultimate conditions. As discussed above, the stiffness modifiers defined in IS 1893(Part 1) : 2016 are for the ultimate condition. If we consider the same stiffness modifiers for the serviceability condition as well then the moment at beam column junction will be higher and the span moment will be lesser as compared to the model without stiffness modifiers. In my opinion, the span moment may err on the unconservative side, if we consider the same stiffness modifiers for the serviceability condition.
During the next four decades, Hawaii entered into a number of political and economic treaties with the United States, and in 1887 a U.S. naval base was established at Pearl Harbor as part of a new Hawaiian constitution. Sugar exports to the United States expanded greatly during the next four years, and U.S. investors and American sugar planters on the islands broadened their domination over Hawaiian affairs. However, in 1891 Liliuokalani, the sister of the late King Kalakaua, ascended to the throne, refusing to recognize the constitution of 1887 and replacing it with a constitution increasing her personal authority.
Lovely tribute to your mum Janga.
Not sure that I have a favourite romance trope. Though thinking about it, I do particularly like romance entangled with adventure in the wild outdoors. Perhaps Elizabeth Lowell or Catherine Anderson brought this type of story into focus for me.
As a youngster I was simillar to your Grand who is taken with sports. I had little time for stories or girls .... much to the chagrin of my English teacher! LOL
I wish I remembered Faith Baldwin. I do remember loving the Cadell books which I borrowed from the public library. I was probably 13 and the librarians let me roam the Adult section freely. My mother shared her condensed book where I discovered Victoria Holt but also Thomas Costain's historical novels which seem romantic as I remember them, particularly "Below the Salt". But the ones that were important to Mom were the stories of Kathleen Norris who wrote about working class girls in the American west and the choices they needed to make. I'm quite sure they reflected her own life as she went to secretarial school and married someone above her migrant farm worker parents' class. She certain,y taught me to love books and I have neve understood why my brothers didn't catch it.
He was preparing the reeds, an unseen but most important part of the mechanism as by their means the air is modulated. These are made of the best Spanish cane, bundles of which stood about in the corners. The reed is quite a small affair, about the size of your finger, one end flattened until the edges almost meet, and kept in position by a stout ligature, very neatly attached. These reeds have to be renewed yearly or oftener. It depends on the player and the climate.
As an independent State, the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into extensive treaty relations with a variety of States establishing diplomatic relations and trade agreements. The Hawaiian Kingdom entered into three treaties with the United States: 1849 Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation; 1875 Commercial Treaty of Reciprocity; and 1883 Convention Concerning the Exchange of Money Orders. In 1893 there were only 44 independent and sovereign States, which included the Hawaiian Kingdom, as compared to 197 today.
By 1893, the Hawaiian Kingdom maintained over ninety Legations and Consulates throughout the world. In the United States of America, the Hawaiian Kingdom manned a diplomatic post called a legation in Washington, D.C., which served in the same function as an embassy today, and consulates in the cities of New York, San Francisco, Philadelphia, San Diego, Boston, Portland, Port Townsend and Seattle. The United States manned a legation in Honolulu, and consulates in the cities of Honolulu, Hilo, Kahului and Mahukona.
The Chicago International Exposition was the largest yet held, and the United States was Japan's largest export partner at that time. Some documents by the Temporary Exposition Office suggest that Japan participated in the international exposition, striving to boost its national prestige and expand its exports by demonstrating its dignified culture, manners and customs, presenting its clear differences from China, and strengthening Japanese presence as a nation.
Ho-o-Den was designed by Masamichi Kuru, a pupil of J. Conder, an English architect. This was one of the first Japanese traditional structures designed by an architect who studied Western architecture. Also, prominent figures of Japanese art circles, such as Ryuichi Kuki and Kakuzo (Tenshin) Okakura, were engaged as members of the Temporary Exposition Office. While Tokyo Fine Arts School was in charge of the interior decoration, the Imperial Museum was responsible for the selection of arts and furniture items. Unlike at the previous international expositions that Japan had participated in before, at the Chicago International Exposition Japan did not merely display its items, but emphasized the recreation of each period with the current of Japanese art history. It can be said that this indicated Japan's pride in its own arts, the excellence of which the country had discovered anew.
In August of 1882, James Pennycuick filed for the aforementioned patent. In February of 1885, his patent was granted. He made several attempts to start companies to capitalize on this technology. In 1895, he had entered a partnership with Thomas W. Horn and founded the Prismatic Glass Company in Toronto, Canada. There were still problems in making the glass tiles into sheets, and the company was unsuccessful. However, he met one William Winslow, a Chicagoan who invented an electro-glazing process using thin copper strips and an electrolytic bath to form the tiles into strong, seamless panels that are seamless and light.3
If designs had worked as planned, prism glass would be everywhere. Instead, we have a newer entry into the field of glass. In part 2, we will discuss the rise of glass block, how it took the architectural world by storm, and how it came to be so ubiquitous.
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Editor's Note: Please note, this is a short version of the essay subsequently published in Turner's essay collection, The Frontier in American History (1920). This text is closer to the original version delivered at the 1893 meeting of the American Historical Association in Chicago, published in Annual Report of the American Historical Association, 1893, pp. 197-227.
In the settlement of America we have to observe how European life entered the continent, and how America modified and developed that life and reacted on Europe. Our early history is the study of European germs developing in an American environment. Too exclusive attention has been paid by institutional students to the Germanic origins, too little to the American factors. The frontier is the line of most rapid and effective Americanization. The wilderness masters the colonist. It finds him a European in dress, industries, tools, modes of travel, and thought. It takes him from the railroad car and puts him in the birch canoe. It strips off the garments of civilization and arrays him in the hunting shirt and the moccasin. It puts him in the log cabin of the Cherokee and Iroquois and runs an Indian palisade around him. Before long he has gone to planting Indian corn and plowing with a sharp stick; he shouts the war cry and takes the scalp in orthodox Indian fashion. In short, at the frontier the environment is at first too strong for the man. He must accept the conditions which it furnishes, or perish, and so he fits himself into the Indian clearings and follows the Indian trails. Little by little he transforms the wilderness; but the outcome is not the old Europe, not simply the development of Germanic germs, any more than the first phenomenon was a case of reversion to the Germanic mark. The fact is, that here is a new product that is American. At first, the frontier was the Atlantic coast. It was the frontier of Europe in a very real sense. Moving westward, the frontier became more and more American. As successive terminal moraines result from successive glaciations, so each frontier leaves its traces behind it, and when it becomes a settled area the region still partakes of the frontier characteristics. Thus the advance of the frontier has meant a steady movement away from the influence of Europe, a steady growth of independence on American lines. And to study this advance, the men who grew up under these conditions, and the political, economic, and social results of it, is to study the really American part of our history.
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