Blender Pro Heavy Font

[Brook Mithani]

asit looks like dont worry about the legal part, i would rather worry about the quality part. i am a classical type designer and most of modern stuff is terrible rubish. designing a type is hard work and there is more than just creating the outline, like kerning special types etc.

I agree with cekuhnen that there is a huge difference in quality between nice commercial fonts and the cheapies/freebies you can get. I used to do work where I would cut out metal/wood letters on a computerized routing table. In those cases, you want good quality fonts as the cheap ones have too many points / bad bezier curves / etc.

creating fonts isnt that easy. the best would be to try to find some rights free stuff and i think with the free fonts on the web you are safe because when you use it for graphic design you make money with using that type as well.

I got something called Swis 721 (all weights, extended, condensed, bold, heavy, light, thin, regular and some variations thereof) for free with CorelDRAW essentials (maybe it was version eleven). As far as I can tell there is almost no difference (actual curves and bezier placement maybe different) from Swis721 and Helvetica.

The XL-Series 12x14x22 blender pump is perfect for pumping high volumes of heavy slurry that is abrasive or corrosive. It is capable of producing flow rates of 3,000-7,500 gallons per minute. This pump includes a heavy-duty shaft that is designed for minimum deflection and is directly interchangeable with NOV Mission Magnum Pumps.

By nominally increasing the excise tax on gasohol by 5.1/gallon, an extra $1,500 millioninFY2006 is projected to be allocated into the HTF from the general fund, which implies that HTFexpenditures, and budget deficits can be expected to be higher than under the exemption. In additionto the alcohol fuel mixture excise tax credit there are three other federal tax subsidies that areavailable for the production and use of alcohol transportation fuels (but are little used).Comprehensive energy policy legislation H.R. 6 , as passed by the Senate, includes arenewable fuels standard that would, by 2010, more than double both the use of ethanol and therevenue loss from the new alcohol fuels tax incentives.

Prior to January 1, 2005, alcohol fuel blenders qualified for a 5.2 tax exemption against theexcise taxes otherwise due on each gallon of blended mixtures (mixtures of 10% ethanol, and 90%gasoline). This exemption, which was scheduled to decline to 5.1 on January 1, 2005, reduced thegasoline excise tax for "gasohol," from 18.4 to 13.2/gallon. The reduction was realized at the timewhen the gasoline tax was otherwise imposed: typically when the fuel was loaded from the terminalonto trucks for distribution. The 5.2 exemption could also be claimed later, i.e., when blendersfiled their income tax return, as a 52 excise tax credit per gallon of alcohol used to make a fuelmixture (which was also scheduled to decline to 51 in tandem with the exemption on January 1,2005). This credit, however, was not as valuable as the exemption because 1) it was taxable asincome, 2) was not available instantaneously as the fuel was blended -- blenders had to wait untiltheir income tax returns were filed to reduce their tax liability by the amount of the credit, and 3) thetax credit was not refundable -- it was only available to the extent of tax liability. Because theprimary benefits from alcohol fuels were realized through an exemption rather than a tax credit,revenue losses from the exemption (or reduced excise taxes) accrued to the Highway Trust Fund(HTF).

The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357) restructured the basic tax subsidiesfor alcohol fuels: 1) the blender's income tax credits were eliminated and 2) the blender's excise taxexemption was replaced by an "instant" excise tax credit of the same amount -- 5.1/gallon of a 90:10mixture, which is also equivalent to 51 per gallon of ethanol in the mixture. These tax reforms wentinto effect on January 1, 2005. As before, the excise tax credit is claimed against the 18.4 per gallonexcise tax on gasoline, so that the actual excise tax paid and remitted to the Treasury is 13.3 -- thetax is reduced by 5.1/gallon just as with the exemption. When income tax effects are considered,however, the new excise tax credit has a greater economic or subsidy value than the exemptionbefore it because income tax deductions are taken at 18.4 rather then 13.3. In other words, bylabeling the tax reduction as an excise tax credit rather than an excise tax exemption, the tax lawtreats the blenders as paying the full excise tax of 18.4/ gallon rather than 13.3 per gallon. At a25% marginal income tax rate, the additional 5.1 deduction is valued at 1.7/gallon of a blend or17/gallon of ethanol, which means that the total after-tax subsidy for alcohol fuel mixtures iseffectively 68/gallon of ethanol rather than the nominal rate of 51.

By nominally increasing the excise tax on gasohol by 5.1/gallon, an extra $1,500 millionin FY2006 is projected to be allocated into the HTF from the general fund, which implies that HTFexpenditures, and budget deficits can be expected to be higher than under the exemption. In additionto the alcohol fuel mixture excise tax credit there are three other federal tax subsidies that areavailable for the production and use of alcohol transportation fuels (but are little used).Comprehensive energy policy legislation H.R. 6, as passed by the Senate, includes arenewable fuels standard that would, by 2010, more than double both the use of ethanol and therevenue loss from the new alcohol fuels tax incentives.

President Carter's 1978 Energy Tax Act introduced the excise tax exemption for alcohol fuelblends (at 100% of the gasoline tax, which was then 4/gallon) to achieve energy and, more recently,certain environmental and agricultural policy objectives.(1) In 2004 this exemption, which was 5.2/gallon and was scheduledto decline to 5.1 on January 1, 2005, reduced the gasoline excise tax for "gasohol," from 18.4 to13.2/gallon. The reduction was realized at the time when the gasoline tax was otherwise imposed:typically when the fuel was loaded from the terminal onto trucks for distribution. The 5.2exemption could also be claimed later (i.e., when blenders filed their income tax return) as a 52excise tax credit per gallon of alcohol used to make a fuel mixture, which was also scheduled todecline to 51 in tandem with the exemption on January 1, 2005. From 1978-2004, this exemptionfrom the motor fuels excise taxes provided the major subsidy to the ethanol fuel industry -- withoutthe exemption the ethanol fuels industry would either not exist or be substantially smaller.(2)

The exemption, however, which effectively lowered the excise tax on the blended fuel,reduced revenues for the Highway Trust Fund by an estimated $14, 000 million through FY2004.As a consequence, the Congress enacted the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357),also known as the "Jobs Bill," which restructured the basic tax subsidy for alcohol fuels. It replacedthe excise tax exemption with a new excise tax credit: the "alcohol fuel mixtures excise tax credit."Although, the two incentives are equivalent in gross, before-tax terms -- they are both equal to 51per gallon of ethanol -- interactions between the excise tax credit and the income tax system increasethe value of the incentives under this restructured or reformed system. In addition to the new"alcohol fuel mixtures excise tax credit," current federal tax law provides for a small ethanolproducer credit, and several other tax incentives that, although little used, might further benefitalcohol fuels in the future.

The Senate version of H.R. 6, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, proposes to notonly expand the small ethanol producer credit, but to introduce a renewable fuels standard (whichis effectively an ethanol standard), a requirement that gasoline suppliers (refiners and blenders) blendat least 8 billion gallons of renewable fuels per year in producing gasoline. Such a requirement, ifenacted, would more than double the amount of ethanol blended with gasoline above the currentprojected baseline level of ethanol use, and significantly increase federal tax revenue losses.

This report explains the provisions of the new alcohol fuels mixtures tax credit and comparesthe tax benefits under the new credit with the tax benefits under the old exemption. An exampleillustrates the mechanics of the new credit and compares it with the old exemption. The secondsection examines the revenue and Highway Trust Fund implications of the new tax incentive bothwith and without a renewable fuels standard. The final section discusses the remaining three taxsubsidies for alcohol fuels, which, although little used, are nevertheless part of the current federaltax laws and might be used in the future.

Under the new alcohol fuels mixtures tax credit, 40 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC),gasohol blenders may claim a 51/gallon tax credit for alcohol used to produce a qualified mixture(a mixture of alcohol and gasoline, or a mixture of alcohol and any other special motor fuel).(3)

Unlike most tax credits, which are claimed against income tax liability (because the incometax otherwise owed is reduced or "credited" by the amount of the credit), the new alcohol mixturescredit is claimed against the motor fuels (gasoline) excise tax. However, both approaches reduce theeffective excise tax burden on each gallon of ethanol used to make a 90:10 gallon of a mixture bythe same amount -- 5.1/ gallon of a blend or 51/gallon of ethanol -- regardless of whether thereduction is called a tax credit or excise tax exemption. This new excise tax credit, which becameeffective on January 1, 2005, will replace the old excise tax exemption as the basic tax incentiveclaimed on most sales of fuel ethanol -- it will provide the biggest subsidy to the industry.(4)

As under the previous exemption, to qualify for the full 51 tax credit, the alcohol must beat least 190 proof (95% pure alcohol, determined without regard to any added denaturants orimpurities). The credit is 37.78 per gallon if the ethanol is between 150 and 190 proof; no creditis provided for alcohol below 150 proof. This mixture credit is available only to the blender, whomust not only produce the mixture but must either use the mixture as a motor fuel in a trade orbusiness or sell it for use as a fuel. The blender may be the producer, the terminal operator, or thewholesaler, distributor, or marketer. Technically, both ethanol and methanol qualify for theexemption as long as they are not derived from petroleum, natural gas, coal, or peat. In practice,however, virtually all fuel alcohol is ethanol produced from corn; very little, if any, methanol isproduced from wood and other biomass (or renewable) sources because it is generallyuneconomic.(5) Currentlymost methanol is produced from natural gas, is too expensive as a blended motor fuel and does notqualify for the tax breaks.

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