Suhaag is a 1979 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed by Manmohan Desai, and written by Kader Khan, Prayag Raj and K.K. Shukla. The movie stars Shashi Kapoor, Amitabh Bachchan, Rekha and Parveen Babi in lead roles, with Amjad Khan, Nirupa Roy, Kader Khan, Ranjeet and Jeevan in supporting roles. The music was composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal.
Durga (Nirupa Roy) and Vikram Kapoor (Amjad Khan) have been married for years. Vikram has taken to crime in a big way and as a result has antagonized a rival gangster, Jaggi (Kader Khan),Durga gives birth to twins and Jaggi steals one of them, and sells him to a bootlegger, Pascal. Durga is upset when she finds her son missing, but is devastated when Vikram abandons her. With a lot of difficulties, Durga brings up her son, Kishan (Shashi Kapoor), and has given up on finding her other son. Kishan has grown up and is now a dedicated police officer. On the other hand, Pascal has exploited Amit (Amitabh Bachchan), educated, and made him a petty criminal and alcoholic. This gets him in a confrontation with Kishan but the two settle their differences and become fast friends. Vikram is not aware of his two sons and wife being alive. Without revealing his identity, he hires Amit to kill Kishan during a Navratri dance at Maa Sherawali's temple. Amit informs Kishan and together with other police personnel, keep vigil. Things do not go as planned; they are attacked and Kishan loses his eyesight, leaving the onus on Amit to try to locate the person behind this crime. Full of singing, dancing, and stunts, the film has a strong moral undertone of good triumphing over evil despite any odds.
Many scenes was filmed at Film City, London and at the various places of Mumbai. Desai filmed a middle and climax chase scene in Mumbai and London, edited it in such a way that both entire scenes appears happening in Mumbai. "Teri rab ne Bana Di jodi" song was filmed in Richmond Park in London, UK. "Ye yaar sun" song was filmed in film City and at Birla Mandir of Shahad town near Ulhasnagar in Thane district of Maharashtra, which is a temple of Vithoba Rukmai.[2]
After "Yeh Dosti Hum Nahin Todenge" by Kishore Kumar and Manna Dey from film Sholay, "Ae Yaar Sun Yaari Teri" is classified as most popular song of friendship song."Tere Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" is played in most weddings and its like a must to play during the marriage occasion.
Thank God for the populist masala genre. Thank God for three-hour epics that span the entire range of human emotion, making notable pit stops on slapstick humor and heart-warming squish. Movies where everyone is reconciled, and things like child abuse, alcoholism, even blindness, are all resolved with a couple songs and a lot of heart. Leave your disbelief at the door, and forget about logical blunders (like pretending the London suburbs are Bombay!), this stuff is light and joyous and perfect.
Delightful entertaining review to a dito movie. Inspired by one line up there i thought, Suhaag (1979) feels like zapping through a long string of 70s bollies, strictly only stopping at every highlight.
اللي صبحي سلامة استخدم في هذا البحث عدد سبعة عشر من الأغنام تم تقسيمها إلى ستة مجموعات. المجموعة الأولى تم تحصينها بلقاح حمى الوادى المتصدع المثبط بالبينارى ومضاف اليه
hydroxide gel while the sixth group (G6) left as control. The results revealed that group (1) followed by group (2) gave higher level of antibody and reaching its protective level earlier than RVF inactivated vaccine with aluminium gel and the duration of immunity of aluminium phosphate when compared with that of aluminium hydroxide is mush longer. In addition, the best vaccine was RVF inactivated vaccine containing 1.00% aluminium phosphate followed by RVF inactivated vaccine containing 0.75% aluminium phosphate as they gave higher level of antibody all over the period of the test compared with that of other vaccinated groups when tested by serum neutralization test and ELISA test. Moreover, manufacturing of these vaccines is easy to be done and of low cost.
Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a Phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae RNA single stranded virus family (WHO, 1982 and Connie, 1996). It is an acute or peracute mosquito-borne viral disease, most severe in sheep, cattle and goats, causing high mortalities in neonates and abortion in pregnant animals (Swanepoel and Goetzer, 1994). It emerges periodically throughout Africa, causing major threat for animal and human populations. The disease is widely distributed in Africa and Asia causes heavy losses among lambs and calves (Woods et al., 2002 and Fagbo, 2002). RVF was introduced to Egypt through importation of infected ruminants or camels from Sudan (Imam et al., 1977 and Sellers et al., 1982) and its reappearance in 1993 (El-Gabery et al., 1994) encouraged the authorities to develop a potent inactivated RVF vaccine. The prime purpose of vaccination is the induction of a high level of induced immunity among domestic animals which will serve to reduce the proportion of available hosts for amplification of the virus and may limit the extent of epizootics (Davies and Karstad, 1981). The Egyptian veterinary researchers succeeded in preparing a safe and potent alum adjuvant inactivated RVF vaccine to protect sheep and cattle against the disease (El-Nimr, 1980). Other studies were conducted by Taha et al. (1984) to improve the vaccine quality and to raise its efficiency.
(aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate and potassium aluminium sulphate (often called "alum"). The adjuvant effect of aluminium is manifested primarily by an increase in IgG and a delay in the rate of absorption of the precipitated antigen (Glenny et al., 1926). Aluminium adjuvanted antigen is rapidly encapsulated into a granuloma thus excluding it from the antibody producing mechanisms. It also increases trapping of lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes, thereby providing more cells for an enhanced immune response (Dresser et al., 1970, Taub et al., 1970). Aluminium compounds induce local granulomas which are rich in macrophages. Plasma cells are also present in the granuloma when an antigen is bound to the aluminium (White et al., 1955). It has been shown that aluminium will activate complement which may in turn activate macrophages and increase their phagocytic activity (Ramanthan et al., 1979). Also, aluminium salts attract esinophils to the site of injection and stimulate IgE antibody production (Kishimoto and Ishizaka, 1973).
Healthy adult guinea pigs of about 500 grams body weight were used for toxicity of aluminium phosphate. 3. Sheep: 3.1. Seventeen susceptible balady sheep about six months of age were used for evaluation of the immune response to the prepared vaccines, 3.2. Lambs:
They were used for the toxicity test of aluminium phosphate adjuvant in vaccine preparation. Each concentration was inoculated into two groups of mice (eight mice in each group) one group I/P and the second S/C and there was a group of eight mice was kept as a control and all groups were observed for 15 days post inoculation. B. Guinea pigs:
The minimum permissible limit of EDs/ml is 0.02/ml Safety test in baby mice = no signs of illness or death Safety test in lambs = no thermal or clinical reaction or manifestation * Control non-inoculated baby mice ** Control non-inoculated lambs
Many studies were performed among adjuvants to improve RVF vaccine in order to increase its efficiency and duration of immune response. Aluminium containing adjuvants have historically served as immunopotentiators in vaccines and continue to be the most widely used adjuvants. Several aluminium compounds are used and are known as aluminium hydroxide adjuvant, aluminium phosphate adjuvant and potassium aluminium sulphate. Three potential mechanisms are frequently cited to explain how aluminium containing adjuvants increase antibody production.
When the toxicity test was carried out in adult mice and guinea pigs the results revealed that neither S/C nor I/P routes of injection elicited any signs of toxicity during the test as shown in table 1. The different prepared formula of the prepared vaccines were sterile and safe when inoculated in baby mice and lambs which showed no signs of illness or deaths, also no elevation in body temperature in lambs. The most potent vaccine was that containing 1.00% aluminium phosphate as its ED50/ml was (0.0001/ml) followed by that containing 0.75% aluminium phosphate as its ED50/ml was (0.0005/ml) then followed by 0.50% aluminium phosphate as its ED50/ml was (0.0006/ml) and finally 0.25% aluminium phosphate as its ED50/ml was (0.0019/ml). All these batches were within the permissible limit as cited by Randall et (1964) who said that the ED50 must not more than 0.02/ml. The ED50/ml of aluminium hydroxide gel vaccine batch was 0.0008/ml). This could be explained by the fact that aluminium containing adjuvant and the adsorbed antigen remain at the site of injection. The antigen is released slowly to stimulate the production of antibodies (the depot mechanism), the aluminium containing adjuvants cause inflammation at the site of injection. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) are rapidly attracted to the site of inflammation because the antigen is also present at the site of injection, (APCs), encounter a high concentration of antigen (the inflammation mechanism). It has also been proposed that adsorption of antigen to aluminium containing adjuvants converts the soluble antigen to particular form. APCs can take up particular matter by phagocytosis. Thus, antigen which remains adsorbed, is taken into macrophages and dendritic cells. Thus aluminium containing adjuvants produce a high concentration of antigen within APCs, which results in immunopotentiation (Stanly et al., 2004). Aluminium phosphate is chemically amorphous in which some of the hydroxyl groups of
aluminium hydroxide are replaced by phosphate groups (Shirodkar et al., 1990). Phosphate plays an important role as it keeps the adjuvant amorphous. The amorphous state is responsible for the high surface area and high adsorption capacity and being more soluble than aluminium hydroxide adjuvant as it is soluble in acid pH (< 4.0), in basic pH>8.0) and at neutral pH in solution of citric acid (Seeber et al., 1991 and Rinella et al., 1998).
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