Iso 7176-19

[Cora Synder]

ISO7176-19:2008 applies to all manual and powered wheelchairs, including scooters, which, in addition to their primary function as wheeled mobility devices, are also likely to be used as forward-facing seats in motor vehicles by children and adults with a body mass equal to or greater than 22 kg. ISO 7176-19:2008 specifies wheelchair design requirements, performance requirements and associated test methods, and requirements for wheelchair labelling, presale literature, user instructions and user warnings. It applies to complete wheelchairs, including a base frame and seating system, as well as to wheelchairs equipped with add-on adaptive components designed to facilitate compliance with one or more of the requirements.

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The safety of individuals who must remain seated in their wheelchairs during transit remains an important consideration for therapists prescribing wheelchairs. I have previously written articles on RESNA standards, including WC19 Wheelchairs Used as Seats in Motor Vehicles, WC18 Wheelchair Tiedown and Occupant Restraint Systems (WTORS) for Use in Motor Vehicles. and WC20 Wheelchair Seating Systems for Use in Motor Vehicles. These articles provide information that is helpful in understanding these related standards.

Therapists often ask, "How do I determine the safety of a wheelchair when my client is transported in a vehicle while sitting in it?" This question comes up when prescribing a wheelchair for an individual when it is known that the individual must remain seated in the wheelchair during transit. It also comes up when organizations, such as long-term care facilities, become aware of safety considerations in transporting individuals in wheelchairs and ask therapists to address the safety of already prescribed products. The following website on Wheelchair Transportation Safety from the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) lists crash tested products: -transportation-safety.umtri.umich.edu/. The listed wheelchairs are categorized as being "completely compliant with the requirements of WC19 (2012)", "successfully crash tested to WC19 (2012)", "completely compliant with the requirements of ISO 7176-19 (2008)" or "successfully crash tested to ISO 7176-19 (2008)". Scroll down each embedded Excel spreadsheet to see the full list of manufacturers and products. Manufacturers are listed alphabetically. It is noteworthy that there is a caveat at the bottom of the page that "Claims of product compliance are as reported by manufacturers and cannot always be confirmed by UMTRI personnel as these are voluntary industry standards."1

To understand the difference between successful crash testing and being completely compliant to a wheelchair transit standard, it is important to understand that there are both design and performance criteria that are measured and that several tests are completed on a wheelchair to determine overall compliance. A wheelchair that is "completely compliant with the requirements of WC19 (2012)" means that "the wheelchair has been successfully crash tested with a surrogate 4-point strap-type securement using a wheelchair-anchored pelvic belt, meets all design requirements, has successfully passed the tiedown clear path and securement-point accessibility tests, received at least an acceptable rating with regard to the ease of proper placement of vehicle-anchored three-point belts and to the extent to which proper positioning and geometry of a three-point belt can be achieved, as well as meeting several other requirements."1 Whereas a wheelchair that has been "successfully crash tested" to WC19 (2012) with the frontal impact sled test "has been successfully crash tested with a surrogate 4-point strap-type securement using a wheelchair-anchored pelvic belt, but the wheelchair may not meet all of the design requirements of the standard or may not have completed all of the required tests in WC19."1

Both the RESNA WC19 and ISO 7176-19 standards require successful performance on a crash test in which the wheelchair is secured to a crash test sled which undergoes a 48 kph, 20-g frontal impact.2 The permitted securement of the wheelchair to the crash test sled differs in that WC19 requires the use of a surrogate four-point strap-type tiedown to secure the wheelchair to the crash sled, while ISO 7176-19 permits the use of either a commercial tiedown or a surrogate tiedown during testing.

Another difference between WC19 and ISO 7176-19 relates to wheelchair-anchored belt restraints. "WC19 requires that a wheelchair-anchored lap belt be used instead of a vehicle-anchored lap belt in the frontal impact test. 7176-19 allows a wheelchair to provide for, and be crash tested with, a wheelchair-anchored lap belt, or even wheelchair-anchored lap and shoulder belts (as does WC19), but it does not require it."2

It should be noted that ISO 7176-19 applies to children and adults with a mass of at least 22 kg (48 lbs.) WC19 applies to wheelchairs designed for children with a mass of 12 kg (26 lbs) or more. A wheelchair that is designed for children under 23 kg must provide a "wheelchair-anchored five-point harness in order to provide smaller children with comparable protection as that achieved by a child restraint system. This means that a wheelchair that is rated for occupants from 15 kg to 50 kg must provide both a five-point harness and a wheelchair-anchored pelvic belt. ISO 7176-19 does not include this requirement."2

There are some other differences related to the geometry and placement of securement points on the wheelchair. In addition, there are differences related to the disclosure of lateral stability and turning radius. Also, there are some differences in performance requirements of the frontal impact sled test.2 For example, WC19 specifies that no component or part greater than 150 g should detach from the wheelchair during frontal impact testing, while the limit is 100 g in ISO 7176-19. In addition, WC19 addresses power wheelchairs, specifying that batteries and electronic components must remain attached or tethered to the battery compartment, while ISO 7176-19 does not address power mobility specifically.2

It is noteworthy that although there are some differences between the standards, "RESNA WC19 (WC19) and ISO 7176-19 were developed together and with significant coordination and correspondence between the Working Group of the RESNA Wheelchair Standards Committee known as the Committee on Wheelchairs and Transportation (COWHAT) and the Working Group 6 of ISO TC73 SC1. In fact, much of the leadership and authorship for the two standards came from the same individuals."2

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Historically, wheelchairs have been transported as seats in vehicles for many years, however the publication of the ISO 7176-19 plus ISO 10542 standards and in particular the British Wheelchair Standards EN 12181:2009 and EN12184:2009 which came into force in 2010, has provided a benchmark standard to offer improved safety and protection for wheelchair users, vehicle drivers and other occupants in vehicles.

We need these standards in place to ensure we are providing safe transportation for people with disabilities, who are unable to transfer from their wheelchair when travelling in motor vehicles, and also for the safety of other vehicle occupants.

ISO 7176-19 is the wheelchair crash test standard which has been derived from a crash test already in use in the motor industry where wheelchairs containing a test dummy are crash tested at a speed of 48kph and at an impact deceleration of 20g. The test dummy is limited to a max weight of 75kg and only frontal impact has so far been simulated.

Both of these standards specify that if a wheelchair manufacturer permits the transportation of their wheelchair in a vehicle, the wheelchair must have passed a crash test in accordance with the ISO 7176-19 standard.

ISO 7176:2008 applies to all manual and powered wheelchairs including scooters which in addition to their primary function as wheeled mobility devices are also likely to be used as forward facing seats in motor vehicles by children and adults with a body mass equal to or greater than 22kgs.

The standard specifies wheelchair design requirements, performance requirements and associated test methods and requirements for wheelchair labelling, pre-sale literature, user instructions and user warnings. It applies to complete wheelchairs including a base frame and seating system as well as to wheelchairs equipped with add-on, adaptive components designed to facilitate compliance with one or more of the requirements.

Wanneer u met de rolstoel gebruik wilt maken van het taxivervoer (rolstoelbus), dient deze vanaf 1 juli 2020 te zijn voorzien van een ISO 7176-19 crashtest. Dit betekent dat de rolstoel een dynamische botsproef heeft ondervonden en hierdoor als veilig beschouwd mag worden. Doordat de rolstoel een ISO certificering heeft mag deze als extra zitplaats dienen in een rolstoelbus. De rolstoel wordt dan vastgezet met haken in de rolstoeltaxi.

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