Robbins 9th Edition Citation

[Taneka Tarring]

Whensomeone asked again about this passage in the fall of 1999, I took another look, gave up, and directed him to the Ruskin Centre at the University of Lancaster (UK), which houses the world's largest collection of Ruskiniana. Ruth Hutchison, who maintains their website, responded that "we have been asked many times about this quote, or similar versions of it, and have never been able to identify it as being by Ruskin. We suspect that it has been wrongly atttributed to him in the past and found its way into a book of quotations or something like that." So there you have it.

On 6 April 2006, Kurt Foster sent an e-mail with the some information he'd come upon while trying to solve the problem: "The only definite citation attributing it to Ruskin I've seen," he writes, "is 'John Ruskin (1819-1900), British writer, art critic. Modern Painters (5 volumes, 1843-1860, epilogue, 1888).'" He couldn't find an edition of Modern Painters with epilogues, and neither could I, though each of the five volumes of this work in the Cook and Wedderburn Library Edition does have an appendix with manuscript material not included in the print version, relevant letters, reviews, and the like; none of appendices has a subject in any way relevant to such a quotation. Kurt relates one really tantalizing suggestion he obtained "in August 1998 [when] I inquired about the quotation to the Usenet group alt.quotations . . . . Margaret Tarbet responded with the following tantalizing bit:" 'I've seen it attributed, with source, to a turn-of-the-c. US writer,whose name escapes me now. For some reason I want to say one of theMuckraker crowd, but perhaps it's just that period. In any event, theperson is one from whom a few pithy quotes exist, but not so many asto make him in any way a household name today.'"

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Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.

Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited non-print sources. For a complete list of how to cite non-print sources, please refer to the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

Interviews fall into three categories: published interviews, personal interviews, and research participant interviews. However, only published interviews require a formal citation in your reference list.

A published interview is found in places like a radio show, newspaper, or magazine. To cite a published interview, adhere to the format for that particular reference type (i.e., if the interview is on a podcast, cite the podcast). For more information on citing sources where an interview might appear, visit the Articles in Periodicals page or the Electronic Sources page.

Although you do not need to cite personal communication, do try to locate a source when possible. For example, if your friend told you about a research study he heard on a podcast, and you want to include that information in your essay, it is best to cite the original podcast, rather than the communication with your friend.

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This tutorial offers basic guidelines for writing and formatting papers in APA Style (7th edition), including how to ethically incorporate outside sources through in-text citations and reference list entries.

In October 2019, the American Psychological Association published its 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual, which replaced the 6th edition from 2009. To learn about the major changes in the APA guidelines, please consult this video tutorial.

When you have two or more sources written by the same author (individual or corporate) and published in the same year, use lowercase letters after the year so that your reader can distinguish which source is which.

According to Bluebook Rule 12.9.2, ordinances are cited analogously to statutes. Give the full name of the city, town or county, followed by the abbreviation of the state (see table T1). Then, give the name of the code, the section and the year of the code.

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