Dear Michael,
thank you so much for elaborating on the question of the noh play "Ayu" as related to a hanging scroll painting, which depicts a noh actor holding a fishing rod with a trout. Thank you also for the explanation of the character "ayu" as ominous for its purposes within the legend.
I also never thanked Paul Atkins officially on this mailing list (although we exchanged mails privately), for his wonderful links.
Fate has it that the scans I was able to make of two versions of the Tamashima and Tamashimagawa published in the Mikan Yokyokushu series seem to have been lost as I returned to Germany. Not having had a chance to read them carefully yet, I am thankful that you identified the character who fished the trout in the play as Jingu's sister Toyohime. Toyohime is incidental in the Jingu kogo legend as part of the Hachiman engi, because it is Toyohime, who negotiates the delivery of the two tide jewels from the dragon palace to Jingu/ Sumiyoshi and thus grants the success of the battle against the Koreans. May there be a conflation of her role and Jingu in the noh play Tamagawa as you relate it?
Because what strikes me as odd are three factors:
--the inscription on the storage box of the hanging scroll specifically states that Jingu kogo is fishing; the storage box doesn't seem new, and may indeed date to the time of the painting's creation in 1831 (Tenpo 2);
--if the Kojiki would be the source of this iconography, why is the depicted figure clad in a noh costume?
--local festivals frequently include Jingu on festival floats. One of them is the Jingu kogo yama of the Otsu Matsuri, which was introduced in 1749, if we are to believe the history on the matsuri compiled online (
http://www.otsu-matsuri.jp/festival/history.php). This Jingu float allegedly reenacts the episode mentioned in the Kojiki, that she fished a trout as a sign of divine empowerment before her departure to Korea. But again, Jingu wears a noh costume.
May there be another noh play that specifically mentions Jingu and the ayu fishing?
I will look further into this, but thank you, Michael, Paul, Rick, and Travis for your time and expertise in trying to solve this riddle.
BEst wishes,
melanie trede
________________________________________
From:
pm...@googlegroups.com [
pm...@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Michael Watson [
wats...@gmail.com]
Sent: Sunday, May 20, 2012 5:51 AM
I don't think anyone has mentioned the famous (and too obvious?) point about the link between Empress Jingu (Jingo) and trout fishing. The character for AYU 鮎 (sweet trout) is thought to be a kokuji 国字, i.e. "Japan-made" kanji, created by combining the characters for fish 魚 and divination 占. This recalls the famous Nihon shoki (Kojiki) incident about the Empress' divination before commencing her campaign.
Travis Selfman's message reminded me that I was planning to check the three variants of the play "Tamashima" 玉島 (or "Ayu" 鮎, etc.) mentioned by Paul Atkins some weeks ago. Apologies to Melanie Trede if she has already found her way to the Mikan yōkyokushū volumes (part of the Koten bunko series).
All three variants feature a courtier from the capital (waki) who meets a woman (shite) who is fishing (either a solitary "fishing woman" onna no tsuri or as the variants have it, a fishing boat with a companion, tsure). She turns out to be Jingu's sister, not the Empress herself. This might suggest that there is no direct connection between the visual iconography and the non-canonical play. Surely the Nihon shoki / Kojiki story is a more likely source? A memorable one, with the well-known story of ayu and divination.
For what it is worth though, I'm always happy to explore the byways of bangai yōkyoku. The first portion of the play ends with the shite identifying herself as a local divinity, Tamashima no kawakami no myōjin 玉島の河上の明神. When the shite returns to the stage (sashi section), however she names herself as Empress Jingu's sister "Princess Toyohime"
我は是神功皇后の御妹豊姫の皇女とは我事也
who resides in a palace upstream and appears as a god. She goes on to refer to the conquest of the three kingdoms of Korea (三韓). Ayu are mentioned again in the final lines of the play.
As usual with bangai plays, "Tamashima" appears in many manuscripts. Its aikyōgen also survives. The editor Tanaka Makoto believed it to be an old work of the Muromachi period that continued to be performed from time to time (MYS 23:13) . A version was published in the early Edo period and the kuse or sashi/kuse sections were included in Kinsei collections of noh dances 近世の諸舞曲集 (MYS 2:19; 20:15, 23:12).
Michael Watson
Michael Watson
On Fri, May 4, 2012 at 4:41 AM, Paul S. Atkins <
pat...@u.washington.edu<mailto:
pat...@u.washington.edu>> wrote:
Dear Professor Trede:
Nishino Haruo has a two-part article, available online, in which he attempts to list all known noh plays, categorized according to topic.
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004682107
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004680046
In the first part, on p. 64, he lists a number of plays related to Empress Jingu. The most likely candidate for your purposes is the play called Tamashima 玉島, also titled Tamashimagawa 玉島川, Ayu 鮎, and Sode 袖.
In the back of Nishino's Yōkyoku hyakuban (Shin Nihon koten bungaku taikei), he provides a finding list for locating published versions. Under the entry for Tamashima (and the variant titles given above) it says that printed versions may be found in Mikan yōkyokushū (ed. Tanaka Makoto), vols. 2, 20, 23. I have not checked these volumes, but this is where I would look first. If that fails, I would try the other plays in the entry in Nishino's article.
Best wishes,
Paul Atkins
On May 3, 2012, at 11:46 AM, Trede, Melanie wrote:
> Dear Rick,
>
> thanks for the informative reply.
> Attached is the image I was talking about, and I forgot that this hanging scroll actually dates to 1831.
> It is kept in the University of Michigan ARt Museum, the digital database of which includes better resolutions of the image:
>
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/musart/x-1983-sl-1.397/1983_1.397.JPG?back=back1336070276;lasttype=boolean;lastview=thumbnail;resnum=3;sel1=ic_all;sel9=ic_exact;size=20;sort=relevance;subview=detail;view=entry;rgn1=ic_all;q1=Yamawaki
>
> The depicted "Jingu" wears a white Noh mask, and the attire seems to hint more towards a noh play than a kagura. But many thanks to the Kagura suggestion, which I wasn't aware of.
> Jingu is also represented in single ukiyoe woodblock prints in attire that resembles Noh costumes (to me...).
>
> I stumbled across the Hakozaki noh play also, as I searched for a relevant reference to the hanging scroll's depiction, and wondered why it was forgotten for such a long time?
>
> Anyhow, again, many thanks!
> melanie
>
> From:
pm...@googlegroups.com<mailto:
pm...@googlegroups.com> [
pm...@googlegroups.com<mailto:
pm...@googlegroups.com>] On Behalf Of Richard Emmert [
emm...@gol.com<mailto:
emm...@gol.com>]
> Sent: Thursday, May 03, 2012 5:09 AM
> To:
pm...@googlegroups.com<mailto:
pm...@googlegroups.com>
> Subject: Re: [PMJS] Empress Jingu in a Noh play?
>
> Dear Melanie,
>
> The recently (2003) revived noh play Hakozaki features the appearance of Empress Jingu in the second half, however she does not carry a fishing rod with a trout on it. The play was said to be being revived after 450 years which also doesn't make it a likely candidate to be the reason a Meiji period painter would portray her in a noh costume. Though not having seen the particular painting that you are referring to, I wonder if the painter was merely portraying Empress Jingu in a noh-like costume--for whatever reason. Certainly wearing a noh costume would give the Empress a dignified air despite there not being any related story from noh. Another possibility however is that the costume is a kagura costume. A quick google check suggests that there are a variety of kagura which portray Empress Jingu. And the costumes used for some kagura are quite noh-like.
>
> Rick
>
> Richard Emmert
> Hon-cho 2-27-10 Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0012 Japan
> tel: 03-3373-0553<tel:03-3373-0553> fax: 03-3373-4509<tel:03-3373-4509>
>
> Professor, Asian Theatre and Music,Musashino University
> <
www.musashino-u.ac.jp<
http://www.musashino-u.ac.jp><
http://www.musashino-u.ac.jp>>
> Artistic Director, Theatre Nohgaku <
www.theatrenohgaku.org<
http://www.theatrenohgaku.org><
http://www.theatrenohgaku.org>>
> Director, Noh Training Project <
www.nohtrainingproject.org<
http://www.nohtrainingproject.org><
http://www.nohtrainingproject.org>>
> Director, Noh Training Project
> <
www.reading.ac.uk/ftt/research/ftt-NohTrainingProject.aspx<
http://www.reading.ac.uk/ftt/research/ftt-NohTrainingProject.aspx><
http://www.reading.ac.uk/ftt/research/ftt-NohTrainingProject.aspx>>
>
> On May 3, 2012, at 10:15 AM, Trede, Melanie wrote:
>
> Dear colleagues,
>
> I am working on the Hachiman engi from an art historical perspective, and came across a number
> of related paintings of Empress Jingu from the Meiji period. One of them shows her in a noh costume with the trout
> on her fishing rod, as mentioned in the Kojiki.
>
> However, I cannot identify a noh play that centers on this episode.
> Would anyone know where to look for such a play?
>
> Many thanks for any hints.
> melanie trede
>
>
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