9.4.2 practice; Bonding
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drickabr...@gmail.com
Dec 20, 2012, 1:05:35 PM12/20/12
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1. Bonds are attractive forces that hold compounds together. What role do valence electrons play in the formation of bonds? (3 points)
Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the outer shell of the atom's electrons and when they take part in bonding these electrons are giving away, added to or shared.
2. How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds? (3 points)
An ionic bond is an atom, that steals one electron from another atom in attempt to fill it's electron shell. And a covalent bond is whose electrons are shared between atoms to fill it's electron shell. So basically one steals and one shares.
3. What is the difference between the electronegativity values of carbon and sulfur? What type of bond do they form? How do you know? (4 points)
The electronegativity that carbon has is 2.55 and the electronegativity that sulfur has is 2.58 so that means that sulfur has a higher electronegativity. The bond that they form together is a covalent bond. Because the difference in the electronegativity is 0.08 which is less than 1.7 so carbon has half filled valence electronic shell as sulfur does.
4. What is the difference between the electronegativity values of sodium and bromine? What type of bond do they form? How do you know? (4 points)
The electronegativity that sodium has is 0.9 and the electronegativity that bromine has is 2.8 so that means that bromine has a higher electronegativity.The bond that they form together is an ionic bond. Because the difference in the electronegativity is 1.9, which is more than 1.7, and it has to have less than 1.7 to be a covalent bond.
5. What does it mean when a covalent bond is polar? How can you tell if a bond is polar or nonpolar? (4 points)
It's a bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, but being held more closely by one of the atoms. You can tell if a bond is polar or nonpolar by the atoms they have. If they have two atoms with equal electronegativity they will be a nonpolar covalent bonds such as H−H. And if they have an unequal relationship it creates a polar covalent bond such as with H−Cl.
6. How does the octet rule influence Lewis dot structures? (4 points)
Well the octet rule states, "Each atom in a molecule should have eight valence-shell electrons." And the Lewis dot structure is, "A sketch of a molecule that uses dots to represent valence electrons as they are configured in the molecule." Basically the octet rule tells us how many more electrons an atom can accept in its valence shell. And that tells us how many other atoms it can bond to, and will tell us how to draw the Lewis dot structures.
7. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis dot structure for water on the right. (4 points)
a. How many bonding pairs are present? How many lone pairs?
The oxygen atom has 2 lone pairs of electrons around it, and each lone pair has 2 electrons in it.
b.The electron-group geometry of the water molecule is a tetrahedron, but the molecular geometry is bent. How can this be explained?
The water molecule is tetrahedral even though the molecular geometry.
c.Is the water molecule polar? Why, or why not?
Yes, because the molecule has both a negative electronegativity and a positive electronegativity and the definition of a polar molecule means that it has two different molecules.
8. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis dot structure for carbon dioxide on the right. (4 points)
a. Why does carbon dioxide have a higher bond order than water?
Carbon Dioxide is made up of Carbon and Oxygen and them two bonds together make a stronger force over.
b. What does this bond-order difference mean, in terms of bond energy?
That there is a double covalent bond here, and so it makes it strong.
9. Compare exothermic reactions and endothermic reactions. Give at least one similarity and one difference. (4 points)
Exothermic reaction is a reaction in which heat is given off. Endothermic reaction is when heat has to be added in order for a reaction to occur. So in other words they both have to do with heat in order to make a reaction. But Endothermic needs heat to be added in order to make a reaction, and Exothermic already has heat so it can make a reaction all on it's own.
10. Why does hydrogen bonding help ice cubes float? (4 points)
The lattice structure in ice helps makes it less dense than liquid water, in a result the ice floats on top of the water.
11. Table salt, NaCl, is a classic binary ionic compound. (4 points)
a. What is the oxidation number of Na? Of Cl?
Na:+1
Cl:+1,+5,+7,-1
b.What characteristics make NaCl a salt?
An ionic compound dissolves in water and it increases the waters ability to conduct electricity.
12. Water is the most common covalent compound on the planet. (4 points)
a. Write the molecular formula for water. What would be the correct name for this molecule, if nomenclature (chemical-naming) guidelines were followed?
H20, The correct name for the water molecule is Dihydrogen monoxide.
b.What evidence do you have that water is a covalent compound?
Because it contains two nonmetals, here is the thing water can also function as a ionic compound made up of the ions H+ and OH-.
13. Iron is a transition metal with multiple oxidation numbers. (4 points)
a. What is the iron (II) ion? How does it differ from the iron (III) ion?
Iron 2 has a +2 charge number and an iron 3 has a +3 charge number.
b.If iron were to bond with oxygen, predict the formula for each oxidation number of iron.
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 2+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is FeO
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 3+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is Fe2O3
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 4+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is FeO2
c.How would each formula be named?
Iron(II) Oxide
Iron(III) Oxide
Iron(IV) Oxide
Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the outer shell of the atom's electrons and when they take part in bonding these electrons are giving away, added to or shared.
2. How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds? (3 points)
An ionic bond is an atom, that steals one electron from another atom in attempt to fill it's electron shell. And a covalent bond is whose electrons are shared between atoms to fill it's electron shell. So basically one steals and one shares.
3. What is the difference between the electronegativity values of carbon and sulfur? What type of bond do they form? How do you know? (4 points)
The electronegativity that carbon has is 2.55 and the electronegativity that sulfur has is 2.58 so that means that sulfur has a higher electronegativity. The bond that they form together is a covalent bond. Because the difference in the electronegativity is 0.08 which is less than 1.7 so carbon has half filled valence electronic shell as sulfur does.
4. What is the difference between the electronegativity values of sodium and bromine? What type of bond do they form? How do you know? (4 points)
The electronegativity that sodium has is 0.9 and the electronegativity that bromine has is 2.8 so that means that bromine has a higher electronegativity.The bond that they form together is an ionic bond. Because the difference in the electronegativity is 1.9, which is more than 1.7, and it has to have less than 1.7 to be a covalent bond.
5. What does it mean when a covalent bond is polar? How can you tell if a bond is polar or nonpolar? (4 points)
It's a bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, but being held more closely by one of the atoms. You can tell if a bond is polar or nonpolar by the atoms they have. If they have two atoms with equal electronegativity they will be a nonpolar covalent bonds such as H−H. And if they have an unequal relationship it creates a polar covalent bond such as with H−Cl.
6. How does the octet rule influence Lewis dot structures? (4 points)
Well the octet rule states, "Each atom in a molecule should have eight valence-shell electrons." And the Lewis dot structure is, "A sketch of a molecule that uses dots to represent valence electrons as they are configured in the molecule." Basically the octet rule tells us how many more electrons an atom can accept in its valence shell. And that tells us how many other atoms it can bond to, and will tell us how to draw the Lewis dot structures.
7. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis dot structure for water on the right. (4 points)
a. How many bonding pairs are present? How many lone pairs?
The oxygen atom has 2 lone pairs of electrons around it, and each lone pair has 2 electrons in it.
b.The electron-group geometry of the water molecule is a tetrahedron, but the molecular geometry is bent. How can this be explained?
The water molecule is tetrahedral even though the molecular geometry.
c.Is the water molecule polar? Why, or why not?
Yes, because the molecule has both a negative electronegativity and a positive electronegativity and the definition of a polar molecule means that it has two different molecules.
8. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis dot structure for carbon dioxide on the right. (4 points)
a. Why does carbon dioxide have a higher bond order than water?
Carbon Dioxide is made up of Carbon and Oxygen and them two bonds together make a stronger force over.
b. What does this bond-order difference mean, in terms of bond energy?
That there is a double covalent bond here, and so it makes it strong.
9. Compare exothermic reactions and endothermic reactions. Give at least one similarity and one difference. (4 points)
Exothermic reaction is a reaction in which heat is given off. Endothermic reaction is when heat has to be added in order for a reaction to occur. So in other words they both have to do with heat in order to make a reaction. But Endothermic needs heat to be added in order to make a reaction, and Exothermic already has heat so it can make a reaction all on it's own.
10. Why does hydrogen bonding help ice cubes float? (4 points)
The lattice structure in ice helps makes it less dense than liquid water, in a result the ice floats on top of the water.
11. Table salt, NaCl, is a classic binary ionic compound. (4 points)
a. What is the oxidation number of Na? Of Cl?
Na:+1
Cl:+1,+5,+7,-1
b.What characteristics make NaCl a salt?
An ionic compound dissolves in water and it increases the waters ability to conduct electricity.
12. Water is the most common covalent compound on the planet. (4 points)
a. Write the molecular formula for water. What would be the correct name for this molecule, if nomenclature (chemical-naming) guidelines were followed?
H20, The correct name for the water molecule is Dihydrogen monoxide.
b.What evidence do you have that water is a covalent compound?
Because it contains two nonmetals, here is the thing water can also function as a ionic compound made up of the ions H+ and OH-.
13. Iron is a transition metal with multiple oxidation numbers. (4 points)
a. What is the iron (II) ion? How does it differ from the iron (III) ion?
Iron 2 has a +2 charge number and an iron 3 has a +3 charge number.
b.If iron were to bond with oxygen, predict the formula for each oxidation number of iron.
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 2+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is FeO
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 3+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is Fe2O3
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 4+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is FeO2
c.How would each formula be named?
Iron(II) Oxide
Iron(III) Oxide
Iron(IV) Oxide
sue.wi...@apps.cabarrus.k12.nc.us
Jan 2, 2013, 5:36:05 AM1/2/13
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48 out or 50 points.Excellent.Make sure not to copy. Put in you own words.
3 points
3 points
3 points
4 points
4 points
4 points
4 points
1 point
1 point
2 points
3 points
1 point
2 points
1 point
4 points
1 point
1 point
1 point
5 points
1. Bonds are attractive forces that hold compounds together. What role do valence electrons play in the formation of bonds? (3 points)
Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the outer shell of the atom's electrons and when they take part in bonding these electrons are giving away, added to or shared. copied
3 points
2. How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds? (3 points)
An ionic bond is an atom, that steals one electron from another atom in attempt to fill it's electron shell. And a covalent bond is whose electrons are shared between atoms to fill it's electron shell. So basically one steals and one shares. copied
3 points
3. What is the difference between the electronegativity values of carbon and sulfur? What type of bond do they form? How do you know? (4 points)
The electronegativity that carbon has is 2.55 and the electronegativity that sulfur has is 2.58 so that means that sulfur has a higher electronegativity. The bond that they form together is a covalent bond. Because the difference in the electronegativity is 0.08 which is less than 1.7 so carbon has half filled valence electronic shell as sulfur does. copied
3 points
4. What is the difference between the electronegativity values of sodium and bromine? What type of bond do they form? How do you know? (4 points)
The electronegativity that sodium has is 0.9 and the electronegativity that bromine has is 2.8 so that means that bromine has a higher electronegativity.The bond that they form together is an ionic bond. Because the difference in the electronegativity is 1.9, which is more than 1.7, and it has to have less than 1.7 to be a covalent bond. copied
4 points
5. What does it mean when a covalent bond is polar? How can you tell if a bond is polar or nonpolar? (4 points)
It's a bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, but being held more closely by one of the atoms. You can tell if a bond is polar or nonpolar by the atoms they have. If they have two atoms with equal electronegativity they will be a nonpolar covalent bonds such as H−H. And if they have an unequal relationship it creates a polar covalent bond such as with H−Cl.
4 points
6. How does the octet rule influence Lewis dot structures? (4 points)
Well the octet rule states, "Each atom in a molecule should have eight valence-shell electrons." And the Lewis dot structure is, "A sketch of a molecule that uses dots to represent valence electrons as they are configured in the molecule." Basically the octet rule tells us how many more electrons an atom can accept in its valence shell. And that tells us how many other atoms it can bond to, and will tell us how to draw the Lewis dot structures.
4 points
7. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis dot structure for water on the right. (4 points)
a. How many bonding pairs are present? How many lone pairs?
The oxygen atom has 2 lone pairs of electrons around it, and each lone pair has 2 electrons in it.
4 points
b.The electron-group geometry of the water molecule is a tetrahedron, but the molecular geometry is bent. How can this be explained?
The water molecule is tetrahedral even though the molecular geometry.
c.Is the water molecule polar? Why, or why not?
Yes, because the molecule has both a negative electronegativity and a positive electronegativity and the definition of a polar molecule means that it has two different molecules.
1 point
8. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis dot structure for carbon dioxide on the right. (4 points)
a. Why does carbon dioxide have a higher bond order than water?
Carbon Dioxide is made up of Carbon and Oxygen and them two bonds together make a stronger force over.
1 point
b. What does this bond-order difference mean, in terms of bond energy?
That there is a double covalent bond here, and so it makes it strong.
2 points
9. Compare exothermic reactions and endothermic reactions. Give at least one similarity and one difference. (4 points)
Exothermic reaction is a reaction in which heat is given off. Endothermic reaction is when heat has to be added in order for a reaction to occur. So in other words they both have to do with heat in order to make a reaction. But Endothermic needs heat to be added in order to make a reaction, and Exothermic already has heat so it can make a reaction all on it's own.
3 points
10. Why does hydrogen bonding help ice cubes float? (4 points)
The lattice structure in ice helps makes it less dense than liquid water, in a result the ice floats on top of the water.
1 point
11. Table salt, NaCl, is a classic binary ionic compound. (4 points)
a. What is the oxidation number of Na? Of Cl?
Na:+1
Cl:+1,+5,+7,-1
2 points
b.What characteristics make NaCl a salt?
An ionic compound dissolves in water and it increases the waters ability to conduct electricity.
1 point
12. Water is the most common covalent compound on the planet. (4 points)
a. Write the molecular formula for water. What would be the correct name for this molecule, if nomenclature (chemical-naming) guidelines were followed?
H20, The correct name for the water molecule is Dihydrogen monoxide.
4 points
b.What evidence do you have that water is a covalent compound?
Because it contains two nonmetals, here is the thing water can also function as a ionic compound made up of the ions H+ and OH-.
1 point
13. Iron is a transition metal with multiple oxidation numbers. (4 points)
a. What is the iron (II) ion? How does it differ from the iron (III) ion?
Iron 2 has a +2 charge number and an iron 3 has a +3 charge number.
1 point
b.If iron were to bond with oxygen, predict the formula for each oxidation number of iron.
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 2+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is FeO
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 3+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is Fe2O3
Oxidation for iron (Fe) is 4+
Oxidation for oxygen (O) is 2-
Therefore the formula is FeO2
1 point
c.How would each formula be named?
Iron(II) Oxide
Iron(III) Oxide
Iron(IV) Oxide
5 points
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Yes absolutely this was amazing, thanks
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