2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure ( Devon Gale)

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2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure

Practice Assignment
Chemistry (S1392845)

Devon Gale
Points possible: 25

Date: 12/7/2012
Question 1: Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy (2 points)

a. Law of conservation of matter

i. What does the law say about matter?

That matter can be neither create or destroyed.

ii. What about matter can change and what does not change, according to the law?

Matter can change volume and shape. The amount (number of atoms) of matter does not change.

b. Law of conservation of energy

i. What does the law say about energy?

That energy cannot be created or destroyed, just change forms.

ii. What about energy can change and what does not change, according to the law?

The forms of energy can change. but not the amount of energy being used.

Question 2: Phases of Matter (2 points)

a. What are the four states, or phases, of matter? Describe the shape and volume properties of each phase. Can they change, or are they fixed?

i. Solid

Shape: Fixed

Volume: Fixed
ii. Liquid

Shape: Lacks fixed shape

Volume: Fixed
iii. Gas

Shape: No definite shape

Volume: No definite volume
iv. Plasma

Shape: Not fixed

Volume: Not fixed

b. Matter can change from one phase to another. Describe the changes in shape and volume when the following phase changes occur.

i. From solid to liquid (melting)

Shape: Goes from fixed to lacking shape

Volume: Stays the same

ii. From liquid to solid (freezing or hardening)

Shape: Goes from lacking shape to fixed

Volume: Stays the same

iii. From liquid to gas (evaporation)

Shape: Goes from lacking shape to indefinite

Volume: Goes from fixed to indefinite

iv. From gas to liquid (condensation)

Shape: From indefinite to lacking shape

Volume: From indefinite to Fixed

Question 3: Types of Energy (4 points)

a. List four kinds of energy. Give a brief definition of each.


i. Kinetic Energy
ii. Gravitational Potential Energy
iii. Chemical Potential Energy
iv. Heat Energy

b. Energy can change from one form to another. Describe the energy conversions in the following scenes.

i. A kid falling out of a tree

Gravitational Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy

ii. A scout rubbing sticks together to start a fire

Kinetic Energy to Heat Energy

iii. A man running a kerosene heater

Chemical Potential Energy to Heat Energy

c. What is the equation for calculating gravitational potential energy on the Earth?

GPE = mgh
d. What is the equation for calculating kinetic energy?

KE = 1/2mv2

Question 4: Progression of the Atomic Theory (2 points)

a. Match the following scientist with his experiment or contribution.

J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan


Robert Millikan : Oil-drop experiment

John Dalton : Atomic theory

J. J. Thomson : Cathode ray experiment

Niels Bohr : Model of the atom

Ernest Rutherford : Gold-foil experiment

Albert Einstein : Photoelectric effect

b. Match the following scientist with his understanding of the atom.

J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan

Ernest Rutherford : Matter made of indivisible atoms

J. J. Thomson : Atoms contain negatively charged particles

Robert Millikan : Measured the charge of an electron

Niels Bohr : Atoms contain mostly empty space

Ernest Rutherford : Atoms contain nuclei with electrons orbiting

Albert Einstein : Light exists as photon packets; one photon can remove one electron from an atom

Question 5: The Periodic Table (10 points)

a. Who made the first periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev

b. On the periodic table, what three pieces of information are given about every element?

i. Atomic Number

•. Where is it written?

Above the chemical symbol.

•. What information does it give?

Number of atoms in the nuclei.


ii. Average Atomic Mass

•. Where is it written?

Below the chemical symbol.

•. What information does it give?

Atomic Mass of the elements isotopes.

iii. Mass Number

•. Where is it written?

same as the Atomic Mass.

•. What information does it give?

Total number of Protons and Neutrons in an atom.

c. What are isotopes?

An atoms of an element having a specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.

d. What are ions?

A charge species that results in the gain or loss of electrons from a neutral atom or molecule.

e. What are valence electrons, and why are they important?

An electron on the outer layer of an atom. They are used for bonding

f. What is significant about the elements within the same group of the periodic table?

They all have the same amount of valence electrons.

g. What is significant about the elements within the same period of the periodic table?

They all have similar properties.

h. Match the following families with their properties. There are two properties for each family.

A. Alkali metals
B. Alkaline earth metals
C. Halogens
D. Noble gases


___B___ Very reactive nonmetals

____D__ 8 valence electrons

___A___ 1 valence electron

___C___ Reactive metals

___B___ 2 valence electrons

___C___ 7 valence electrons

____D__ Very little reactivity

____A__ Very reactive metals

i. What three families are found in the center portion of the periodic table?

1. Metals

2. Metalloids

3. Nonmetals

Question 6: Using the Periodic Table (5 points)

a. An atom has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9. What element is it? What is its symbol? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

Fluorine, F, 9 protons and electrons, 10 neutrons.

b. Hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus but exists as three isotopes. One isotope has no neutrons, one has one neutron, and one has two neutrons. How would they be identified using isotope notation?

One isotope has no neutrons, H-1 "Hydrogen-1"
one has one neutron, H-2 "Hydrogen-2"
and one has two neutrons.H-3 "Hydrogen-3"

c. Sodium chloride, table salt, forms ions when dissolved. Sodium (Na) loses one electron. Chloride (Cl) gains one electron. What are the charges on the two ions?

The two ions have a positive charge.

d. Would beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have properties more similar to magnesium (Mg)? Why?

No because the are not in the same group.

e. Does beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have the same inside electron arrangement as magnesium (Mg)? Why?

No, they need to be in the same group.

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[Williams, Sue]

On Fri, Dec 14, 2012 at 10:41 AM, <jamesg...@gmail.com> wrote:

22 out of 25  Good.
 

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure

Practice Assignment
Chemistry (S1392845)

Devon Gale
Points possible: 25

Date: 12/7/2012
Question 1: Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy (2 points)

a. Law of conservation of matter

      i. What does the law say about matter?

That matter can be neither create or destroyed.

      ii. What about matter can change and what does not change, according to the law?

Matter can change volume and shape. The amount (number of atoms) of matter does not change.

b. Law of conservation of energy

      i. What does the law say about energy?

That energy cannot be created or destroyed, just change forms.

      ii. What about energy can change and what does not change, according to the law?

The forms of energy can change. but not the amount of energy being used.

     2 points

 

 
  2 points

Question 3: Types of Energy (4 points)

a. List four kinds of energy. Give a brief definition of each.


      i. Kinetic Energy
      ii. Gravitational Potential Energy
      iii. Chemical Potential Energy
      iv. Heat Energy

     1 point

b. Energy can change from one form to another. Describe the energy conversions in the following scenes.

      i. A kid falling out of a tree

Gravitational Potential Energy to Kinetic

    Energy

     1 point

    
      ii. A scout rubbing sticks together to start a fire

Kinetic Energy to Heat Energy

      1 point

      iii. A man running a kerosene heater

Chemical Potential Energy to Heat Energy

    1 point

c. What is the equation for calculating gravitational potential energy on the Earth?

GPE = mgh

1 point

    

d. What is the equation for calculating kinetic energy?

KE = 1/2mv2

     1 point

Question 4: Progression of the Atomic Theory (2 points)

a. Match the following scientist with his experiment or contribution.

J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan


Robert Millikan : Oil-drop experiment

John Dalton : Atomic theory

J. J. Thomson : Cathode ray experiment

 Niels Bohr : Model of the atom

 Ernest Rutherford : Gold-foil experiment

Albert Einstein : Photoelectric effect

b. Match the following scientist with his understanding of the atom.

   
    1 point

J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan

Ernest Rutherford : Matter made of indivisible atoms  incorrect

J. J. Thomson : Atoms contain negatively charged particles

Robert Millikan : Measured the charge of an electron

Niels Bohr : Atoms contain mostly empty space  incorrect

Ernest Rutherford : Atoms contain nuclei with electrons orbitingv incorrect

Albert Einstein : Light exists as photon packets; one photon can remove one electron from an atom

   1/2 point

___B___ Very reactive nonmetals ( wrong)

____D__ 8 valence electrons

___A___ 1 valence electron

___C___ Reactive metals ( wrong)

___B___ 2 valence electrons

___C___ 7 valence electrons

____D__ Very little reactivity

____A__ Very reactive metals

i. What three families are found in the center portion of the periodic table?

1. Metals

2. Metalloids     (wrong)

3. Nonmetals

      7 points

Question 6: Using the Periodic Table (5 points)

a. An atom has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9. What element is it? What is its symbol? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

Fluorine, F, 9 protons and electrons, 10 neutrons.

b. Hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus but exists as three isotopes. One isotope has no neutrons, one has one neutron, and one has two neutrons. How would they be identified using isotope notation?

One isotope has no neutrons, H-1 "Hydrogen-1"
one has one neutron, H-2 "Hydrogen-2"
and one has two neutrons.H-3 "Hydrogen-3"

c. Sodium chloride, table salt, forms ions when dissolved. Sodium (Na) loses one electron. Chloride (Cl) gains one electron. What are the charges on the two ions?

The two ions have a positive charge.

     0 points

d. Would beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have properties more similar to magnesium (Mg)? Why?

No because the are not in the same group

     0 points

.

e. Does beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have the same inside electron arrangement as magnesium (Mg)? Why?

No, they need to be in the same group.

   
     4 points

Copyright © 2012 Apex Learning Inc. (See Terms of Use  at www.apexvs.com/TermsOfUse)

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