tl;dr: the correct format is
db.default.hikaricp.minimumIdle=30
db.default.hikaricp.maximumPoolSize=30
The reason it was difficult to figure this out is that HikariCP was throttling the size of my pool to meet my DB connection limit. Thus, the pool size was actually 20 when I set it to 30. I confirmed this by enabling MBeans, and inspecting the pool at runtime.
db.default.hikaricp.registerMbeans=true
You can easily view it in JConsole this way.
I've inquired about this on the HikariCP list, but have not got a response:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/hikari-cp/cuC7UnbF7oY