Zs-042 Schematic

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Laila Berri

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Aug 3, 2024, 3:30:03 PM8/3/24

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In another thread a question came up about modding the DS3231 ZS-042 module so it can be used to switch circuit power. So I decided to post separately to make future searches easier. Here's the story:

The INT/SQW pin of the DS3231 RTC can be used to switch circuit power on at the pre-set alarm time. That pin is open drain, and goes low when the alarm triggers. That action can then turn on a P-channel mosfet which controls power to the entire circuit. This may be better for battery life if there are parts of the circuit that cannot effectively be put to low-current sleep. Here is a schematic showing such a power switching circuit:

The DS3231 typically comes in a "ZS-042" module which also includes an EEPROM and a backup coin cell. Three or four modifications may be needed to make the module work well, or at all, in controlling power. Three can be done by cutting traces. The modifications are shown in red in this schematic of the module:

This circuit works because the INT/SQW pin stays low after the alarm triggers until the alarm flag bit is reset. The Arduino powers up and does its thing, then turns on Vcc to the DS3231 and sets the next alarm time. (You must have power at the module's Vcc pin to communicate because the pullup resistors on SDA and SDL connect to Vcc.) Then the processor sends the command to clear the alarm flag, and the power shuts down. Some DS3231 libraries have the bad habbit of clearing the alarm flag automatically as a part of other processes, such as setting the next alarm time. If so, it may be necessary to modify the library code.

The choice of P-channel mosfet will depend on the battery voltage and the circuit's current requirements. For the N-channel mosfet in the high-voltage circuit, I believe a 2N7000 or BS170 would work ok, but something with a threshold voltage closer to 1V might work better as the coin cell voltage drops over time. I believe there are complimentary pair P-channel and N-channel mosfets in a single package that would be perfect for the high-voltage circuit. Hopefully someone will post some part numbers.

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Just wanted to add that this simple config also worked for me. However, I do have another form of this module, which is not meant to be used with an RPi, and is meant to be used with a rechargeable CR2032 battery.
Talking about this thing:
image800800 106 KB

I had a similar experience with the cheap zs-042 modules that can be found on ebay. They keep good time but the charging circuit must be disabled. I made a blog post about it which I have included here.

The ZS-042 module is a very cheap DS3231 breakout board. Common on eBay and Amazon units can be had for less than a dollar. It is a bonus that the module comes with a 4K eprom as well. In my experience these units work well as a clock but damage the LIRC2032 battery that it is supposed to keep charged. I used one with the charger enabled for about a month and found the LIRC2032 had swollen and would not take a charge. So to use these ZS-042s the charging circuit needs to be disabled and a standard CR2032 battery used instead.

There are a lot of discussions on the net about this module. The best discussions can be found at the Arduino forum, the Cave Perl Project and One Transistor . All three sites discuss the charging circuit issue but the Cave Perl Project offers advice on how to make the board more power efficient. One Transistor gives a detailed explanation as to why the charging circuit is a problem on this board.

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