Note: Use rufus and windows to create both drives, go to a cafe if you do not have access to either. Check your bios settings and rearrange the boot order so that it uses the usb to boot. (see this)
Try to install Ubuntu 16.04 next time, it should work well with most UEFI systems, but there are some systems that are set up to use some kind of legacy/hybrid implementation, which may be challenging for normal users to figure out the correct way to proceed. In your case however, I suspect that your Linux was not installed during UEFI boot to begin with. UEFI is not something you can disable after your Windows has been installed (since it expects a UEFI partitioning scheme), but you did it anyway and managed to complete the Linux installation under BIOS mode (since UEFI is off), so botching Windows (in a minor way) is not surprising.
However, when I go to install Ubuntu it doesn't recognize Windows 10 being there. I am using rufus to create the flashdrive and have tried it with both MBR and GPT, and I don't have secure or fast boot on. I am unsure how to get Ubuntu to detect Windows, but when I go through the installation process, I can select to install Ubuntu on the specific SSD I want it on. This (in my mind) solves my problem but I am not confident enough in my knowledge to go through with it or be sure that it wont cause a problem later.
My comment above was assuming that you had already completed the install and your windows install wasn't being detected by the ubuntu installation and adding it to the grub menu.... If that is correct, then look into the things my comment says.
If you want to be completely sure your Ubuntu installation won't do any harm to your Windows installation, you can unplug the Windows disks out of your computer and strat the installation process afterwards. You'll only see one available disk when you're installing Ubuntu. After the installation is done, you can plug the Windows disks back.
It really comes down to the size of your SSD's. If A, B, and C are all 1TB each, make 500GB on A windows and 500GB on A ubuntu. If you have a small 128GB SSD for A, you need about 30GB for Linux 20.04 so this might be an issue for windows. In such a situation, I would upgrade to a bigger SSD. 1TB has done me well on my dual-boot with 500 windows, 500 ubuntu.
If there is a way around this, I am unaware. So run diskmgmt.msc and shrink A by at least 30GB to make space for /root. Run ubuntu on your flash drive, and when it goes into how do you want to install ubuntu, choose "something else". That will load up the Gparted editor in the installer and you will need to format the partitions you are making /root as ext4.
One thing you might want to consider is making C your /home partition, particularly if you have a lot of stuff to store. For a smaller SSD on A (256GB or so), it would make sense. Format it ext4 and proceed with the install.
c80f0f1006