Encyclopaedia Judaica
The Haavara agreement from August 1933 - emigration of German Jews to Israel
Money and good transfer from the Third Reich to Palestine for about 60,000
emigrating Jews 1933-1939 presentation by Michael Palomino (2007)
from:
-- Haavara; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, Vol. 7
-- Israel, State of; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, Vol. 9
The Haavara agreement
(from: Haavara; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, Vol. 7)
<HAAVARA, a company for the transfer of Jewish property from Nazi Germany to
Palestine. The Trust and Transfer Office Haavara Ltd., was established in
Tel Aviv, following an agreement with the German government in August 1933,
to facilitate the emigration of Jews to Palestine by allowing the transfer
of their capital in the form of German export goods.
The amounts to be transferred were paid by prospective emigrants into the
account of a Jewish trust company (PALTREU - Palestina Treuhandstelle zur
Beratung deutscher Juden [Palestine trust office for consulting of German
Jews]) in Germany and used for the purchase of goods which the Haavara then
sold in Palestine.
The proceeds, in Palestine currency, were paid to the emigrants living in
Palestine. The rate of exchange was adjusted from time to time by the
Haavara according to the disagio, necessitated by the subsidy which the
Haavara granted the Palestinian importers, to make up for the steadily
deteriorating value of the Reich mark, so the German goods could compete
with other imports.
The ensuing disagio, borne by the emigrants, accordingly increased from 6%
in 1934 to 50% in 1938. The major part of the transfer proceeds provided the
1,000 Palestine Pounds (then $ 4,990) necessary for a "capitalist"
immigration certificate of the Mandatory administration, but also for other
categories of immigration, such as youth aliyah, students, and artisans as
well as for the transfer of public funds.
The transfer, which weakened the boycott of German goods declared by many
Jewish organizations around the world, met with considerable opposition. The
controversy was settled at the Zionist (col. 1012)
Congress in Lucerne (1935) which decided by a vast majority in favor of the
transfer and placed the Haavara under the supervision of the *Jewish Agency.
The Haavara continued to function until World War II, in spite of vigorous
attempts by the Nazi Party to stop or curtail its activities.
The total transfer amounted to LP 8,100,000 (Palestine Pounds; then $
40,419,000) including LP 2,600,000 (then $ 13,774,000) provided by the
German Reichsbank in coordination with Haavara. The Haavara transfer was a
major factor in making possible the immigration of approximately 60,000
German Jews to Palestine in the years 1933-1939, and together with the money
invested by the immigrants themselves, in providing an incentive for the
expansion of agricultural settlement and for general economic development.>
(col. 1013)
In ďż˝:
<Through the *Ha'avarah, the transfer of Jewish assets to Palestine, some
�6,000,000 were saved and infused into the economy of Erez Israel (Ere?
Israel) [[Land of Israel]] to its great benefit.>
(from: Zionism; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 16
[[But Hitler projected to occupy the whole Middle East with Palestine and
then the Jews would have been under NS rule again and would have been
foreseen for other deportation and eventually annihilation by work. Hitler
would have had taken over the infrastructure which had been installed by the
Jews...]]
Bibliography
-- E. Marcus, in: Yad Vashem Studies, 2 (1959), 179-204
-- S. Esh, in: Am Yisrael Be-Dorenu (1964), 330-43
-- L. Pinner, in: In zwei Welten (1962), 133-66
[LU.P.]>
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Haavara agreement, Vol. 7, col. 1012
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Haavara agreement, Vol. 7, col. 1012
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Haavara agreement, Vol. 7, col. 1013
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Haavara agreement, Vol. 7, col. 1013
Details of the Haavara agreement
(from: Israel, State of; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, Vol. 9)
<Almost a quarter of this sum [[of the immigrants to Palestine]] came
through a special arrangement between the Jewish Agency and the German
authorities for the transfer (*Haavara) of German-Jewish capital. Under this
agreement, emigrants from Germany obtained their first �1,000 in cash so
that they could get their immigration certificates and deposited the rest of
their assets with a clearinghouse in Berlin; the sterling equivalent was
recovered after arrival from a second clearinghouse in Palestine, to which
Jewish merchants made their payments for goods imported from Germany, while
the German exporters were paid in Berlin. Moneys collected for the Jewish
national funds and various other remittances to Palestine were also
transferred through Haavara.
The arrangement was fiercely criticized as a breach of the worldwide Jewish
boycott of German goods, but it was strongly defended on the ground that it
was the only way to salvage the property of German Jews. The 19th Zionist
Congress, which met at Lucerne in 1935 and which paid special attention to
the plight of German Jewry, approved the agreement but ruled that it be
placed under the control of the Executive.> (col. 531)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Israel, State of, Vol. 9, col. 531-532, with details
about the Haavara agreement
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Israel, State of, Vol. 9, col. 531-532,
with details about the Haavara agreement
�r�d�o
http://polskawalczaca.com/viewtopic.php?t=4984&start=0&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight=
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haavara_Agreement
http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/judentum-aktenlage/hol/EncJud_haavara-agreement-1933-ENGL.html
http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/68.html
$b za ciekawe informacje
>Z zydowskich Syjonisci Encyclopaedia Judaica The Haavara agreement from
>August 1933 - emigration of German Jews to Israel
> German-Jewish capital. Under this
> Jewish merchants made their payments for goods imported from > Jewish
> Judaica: Israel, State of, Vol. 9, col. 531-532, with details
"Nie mam obsesji. Nie jestem antysemitďż˝" - mkarwan
Przestaniesz, do kurwy n�dzy, trollowa� na pr�gu i zadr�cza� normalnych
ludzi swoim pierdolcem, ty popieprzony, nienormalny �wirze!
Lecz siďż˝ do jasnej cholery.
--
Anna Izabela
> Przestaniesz, do kurwy n�dzy, trollowa� na pr�gu i zadr�cza� normalnych
> ludzi swoim pierdolcem, ty popieprzony, nienormalny �wirze!
> Lecz siďż˝ do jasnej cholery.
Musisz to g�wno wyci�ga� innym?
--
Pozdr.
wojtas(at)rubikon.pl
"Bujaďż˝ - to my, panowie szlachta!"
> Przestaniesz, do kurwy n�dzy, trollowa� na pr�gu i zadr�cza� normalnych
> ludzi swoim pierdolcem, ty popieprzony, nienormalny �wirze!
Popros dzieciaka sasiadow o skonfigurowanie czytnika news.
--
usenet jest dla mieczakow
#pregierz - najlepszy kanal wsrod mezczyzn
(irc.freenode.net)
> Popros dzieciaka sasiadow o skonfigurowanie czytnika news.
Id� pobiega� i nie zawracaj mi g�owy.
--
Anna Izabela
> Id� pobiega� i nie zawracaj mi g�owy.
To Ty zawracasz wszystkim dupe, bo nie potrafisz czytnika skonfigurowac.
> Przestaniesz, do kurwy n�dzy, trollowa� na pr�gu i zadr�cza� normalnych
> ludzi swoim pierdolcem, ty popieprzony, nienormalny �wirze!
Program ci si� zepsu�, czy program obs�ugi programu?
(tak z ciekawo�ci pytam - do tej pory by�o z tob� w miar� normalnie...)
--
Bydlďż˝
Wolność słowa oznacza prawo do powiedzenia co się chce, nie wynika z
niej obowiązek słuchania tego czego się nie chce :-)
Czy wrzucenie go do mordpliku (kill file) żeby nie oglądać jego postów
na oczy aż tak bardzo przekracza twoje techniczne kompetencje? :-)
P.S.
Ja nie mam tylko litości dla trolli które:
a) wywijają się mordplika zmianami emaila/ksywki częstszymi niż jedna na
kilka miesięcy
b) "zalewają" grupę ilością postów grożącą zapchaniem łącza przy ściąganiu
--
Andrzej Adam Filip : Świat jaki jest każdy widzi (inaczej).
Przyszła koza do woza.
-- Przysłowie polskie (pl.wikiquote.org)
A bo ju� trac� cierpliwo�� do tego ba�wana. I chyba powinien czasem
dowiedzie� si�, �e robi �le i �e nie jest bezkarny.
Sorry, po prostu czasami mi siďż˝ ulewa.
--
Anna Izabela
> Czy wrzucenie go do mordpliku (kill file) Ĺźeby nie oglÄ daÄ jego postĂłw
> na oczy aĹź tak bardzo przekracza twoje techniczne kompetencje? :-)
Nie przekracza... ;)
--
Anna Izabela
Ale widać nie ignorowanie przez twój czytnik zadeklarowanego kodowania
już tak (u mnie kodowanie utf-8 jest deklarowane "jak RFC przykazał"
w nagłówkach moich postów).
--
Andrzej Adam Filip : Świat jaki jest każdy widzi (inaczej).
Mężczyzna lubi cudze żony, ale woli własnych synów.
-- Przysłowie gruzińskie (pl.wikiquote.org)
> U�ytkownik "Bydl�" <bydl?@bydl?.pl> napisa� w wiadomo�ci
> news:hbsusa$dpg$1...@achot.icm.edu.pl...
>> On 2009-10-23 18:59:16 +0200, "Anna Izabela" <annai...@o2.pl> said:
>>
>>> Przestaniesz, do kurwy n�dzy, trollowa� na pr�gu i zadr�cza� normalnych
>>> ludzi swoim pierdolcem, ty popieprzony, nienormalny �wirze!
>>
>>
>> Program ci si� zepsu�, czy program obs�ugi programu?
>> (tak z ciekawo�ci pytam - do tej pory by�o z tob� w miar� normalnie...)
>
> A bo ju� trac� cierpliwo�� do tego ba�wana.
O! To widz�, �e pani bogata z domu. :-)
Ja biedny, wi�c by m�c czyta� wi�cej lepszych autor�w w ramach
miesi�cznego abonamentu, tych...
...nieciekawych filtrujďż˝.
> I chyba powinien czasem dowiedzie� si�, �e robi �le i �e nie jest bezkarny.
Tu s� dwie szko�y falenicka i otwocka: jedna, �e idiota urazi� nie
mo�e, bo upo�ledzenie wyklucza odpowiedzialno��,
druga, �e walka z idiot� po krotkim czasie powoduje, i� publiczno�c nie
odr�nia kto kim jest...
> Sorry, po prostu czasami mi siďż˝ ulewa.
To tak jak mi, gdy mia�em par� miesi�cy! :-)
--
Bydlďż˝
Prawda w oczy kole tak bardzo?
Tak, mkarwan. Powinna cie mocno 'kolec'.
TA