Fwd: latest Version - Text of agreement as of 19:20

[He, Gang]

转发的是最新可能作为《哥本哈根协定》发布的文本草稿，文中还有一些关键数据未能最后确定，同时，也没有具体制度安排。但可能已经是本次会议能达成的最好结果了。

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The Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers, and other heads of delegation present at the fifteenth session of the Conference of the Parties and the fifth meeting of the Parties to Conference of the Parties to the to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change,

 

In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2,

 

Recalling the provisions of the Convention,

 

Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention,

 

Affirming our firm resolve to adopt one or more legal instruments under the Convention pursuant to decisions taken at COP13 and this decision as soon as possible and no later than COP16/CMP6.

 

Have agreed on this Copenhagen [X] which is operational immediately

 

1.      The Parties underline that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The Parties emphasise their strong political will to combat climate change in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Recognizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature ought not to exceed 2 degrees and on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development, the Parties

commit to a vigorous response through immediate and enhanced national action on mitigation based on strengthened international cooperation.

 

Ambitious action to mitigate climate change is needed with developed countries taking the lead. The Parties recognize the critical impact of climate change on countries particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects and stress the need to establish a comprehensive adaptation

programme including international support.

 

2. Deep cuts in global emissions are required. The Parties should cooperate in achieving the peaking of global and national emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that the time frame for peaking will be longer in developing country Parties and bearing in mind that social and economic development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing country Parties and that low-emission development is indispensible to sustainable development.

 

3. Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is achallenge faced by all Parties, and enhanced action and international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to enable and support the implementation of adaptation actions aimed at reducing vulnerability and building resilience in developing country Parties, especially in those that are particularly vulnerable, especially least developed countries, small island developing States and countries in Africa affected by drought, desertification and floods. The Parties agree that developed country Parties shall provide adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources, technology and capacity-building to support the implementation of adaptation action in developing country Parties. The Parties further endorse -/CP.15 on adaptation.

 

4. Annex I Parties to the Convention commit to implement, individually or jointly, the quantified economy-wide emission targets for 2020 as listed yielding in aggregate reductions of greenhouse gas emissions of X per cent in 2020 compared to 1990 and Y per cent in 2020 compared to 2005 ensuring that accounting of such targets and finance is rigorous, robust and transparent.

 

5. Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention resolve to implement mitigation actions, based on their specific national circumstances and in the context of sustainable development. Mitigation actions taken and envisaged by Non-Annex I Parties shall be reflected through their national communications in accordance with Article 12.1 (b) of the Convention. The frequency of submissions of the national communications of Non-Annex I Parties shall be every two years. Mitigation actions taken by Non-Annex I Parties will be subject to their domestic auditing, supervision and assessment, the result of which will be reported through their national communications. Clarification may, upon request, be provided by the Party concerned at its discretion to respond to any question regarding information contained in the national communications. Nationally appropriate mitigation actions supported and enabled by countries in terms of technology, financing and capacity building, will be registered in a registry, including both action taken and relevant technology, financing and capacity building support. These supported nationally appropriate mitigation actions shall be subject to international measurement, reporting and verification in accordance with guidelines elaborated by the COP. The Parties take note of the information on enhanced mitigation action actions by Non-Annex I Parties as listed.

 

6. Developing countries Parties should, in accordance with the provisions contained in decision /CP.15, contribute to mitigation actions in the forest sector by undertaking the following activities: reducing emissions from deforestation, reducing emissions from forest degradation, conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forest, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.

 

7. The Parties decide to pursue various approaches, including opportunities to use markets, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigation actions, in accordance with decision -/CP.15.

 

8. Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding shall be provided to developing country Parties, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, to enable and support enhanced action on mitigation, including REDD-plus, adaptation, technology development and transfer and capacity-building, for enhanced implementation of the Convention. Parties take note of the individual pledges by developed country Parties to provide new and additional resources amounting to 30 billion dollars for the period 2010-2012 as listed and with funding for adaptation prioritized for the most vulnerable developing countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing states and countries in Africa affected by drought, desertification and floods. In the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, the Parties support a goal of mobilizing jointly 100 billion dollars a year by 2020 to address the climate change needs of developing countries. This funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance.

 

9. A High Level Panel will be established under the guidance of and accountable to the Conference of then Parties to assess the contribution of the potential sources of revenue, including alternative sources of finance, towards meeting this goal.

 

10. The Parties decide that the Copenhagen Climate Fund shall be established as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention to support projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing countries related to mitigation including REDD-plus, adaptation, capacity-building, technology development and transfer as set forth in decision -/CP.15.

 

11. In order to enhance action on development and transfer of technology the Parties decide to establish a Technology Mechanism as set forth in decision -/CP.15 to accelerate technology development and transfer in support of action on adaptation and mitigation that will be guided by a country-driven approach and be based on national circumstances and priorities.

 

12. The Parties call for a review of this decision and its implementation in 2016 including in light of the Conventions ultimate objective.

 

13. Capturing the progress achieved in the work by the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action and Ad Hoc Working Group on the Kyoto Protocol under the Convention the Parties by continuing negotiations pursuant to decisions taken at COP13 and this decision, with a view to adopting one or more legal instruments under the Convention as soon as possible and no later than COP16. Deciding to extend the mandate of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperative Action under the Convention and continue the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under Kyoto Protocol to negotiate one or more legal instruments under the Convention.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Fu-Bertaux Xing <xing.fu...@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, Dec 18, 2009 at 11:05 AM
Subject: latest Version - Text of agreement as of 19:20
To: chinaa...@googlegroups.com


Hi to all,

compared to yesterday's night's version,  this new draft is rather a good piece of news.

best
Xing

[Pingjian YANG]

可以说，除了中国政府保住了面子以外，其他方面全都输的很惨~

看到这种评论，不知道如何解读？

2009/12/19 He, Gang <stee...@gmail.com>:

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[He, Gang]

我感觉，中国政府已经拿出来很好的诚意和决心来参加这个会，总理的演讲也非常诚恳。

但是因为中国作为最大的发展中国家成为最大的排放国，谈判的地位非常尴尬，一方面受到发达国家的压力，中美恶战是一例；另一方面也受到了发展中国家的压力。美国最后提出来1000亿美元的各种来源的资金支持，没有给出具体安排，但好像是给会议的礼物了，并且强力要求中国等发展中国家接受MRV。并扣上如果不接收就要承担让会议失败的责任的帽子，这是强权转嫁注意力和责任。中国就显得非常被动。

就事论事，要求MRV本身可以理解，因为他们连中国的GDP的数据都不相信，要如何相信减排的数据呢？中国在接受MRV时，也可以更为灵活些，可以接受MRV，但是何时、如何、谁来MRV有中国自主掌握。对于设计国家竞争力的行业，可以不接受。同时提高透明度，也是中国政府执政的需求。

不妨想象一下，如果我们提出来的目标不是之前公布，而是宝宝在会上公布，也许会有不同，当然是也许，国际政治的角力对中国总是充满了挤压~

题外话：气候谈判，没有赢家。张世秋老师的回信颇受启发：

面对如此纠结的问题，人类在学习着，也在积累某种智慧。这是一个需要智慧的年代，因为我们面对的世界和问题已经超出了以常规的“博弈”方式去面对并解决的可能。也因此我愿意把这个会议看成是一个新的社会资本和政治智慧形成的一个节点和另一个的开始。

2009/12/18 Pingjian YANG <yangpi...@gmail.com>

[Pingjian YANG]

第一财经日报新浪财经哥本哈根气候峰会联合调查

显示： 表格 饼状 柱图 用户分析

共有127,278人参加 我要投票

1、哥本哈根会议能否达成促使各国真正履行减排承诺的协议？

1. 序号
   选项
   比例
   票数
   用户分析
2. 1 B 有点悬，各国利益不太好摆平，即便达成也是空架子
   

   52.3%
   66,574
4. 2 C 肯定不行，核心利益是关键
   

   35.9%
   45,740
6. 3 A 可以，要看主要大国的协商
   

   11.8%
   14,955

2、你认为对中国来说，减排更重要，还是发展更重要？

1. 序号
   选项
   比例
   票数
   用户分析
2. 1 C 二者是统一的，不同时期的重点不一，现阶段应该是发展
   

   51.6%
   65,770
4. 2 A 减排。这关系到我们未来的发展竞争力
   

   20.1%
   25,523
6. 3 B 发展。解决更多中国人的温饱问题才是硬道理
   

   16.3%
   20,689
8. 4 D 二者是统一的，不同时期的重点不一，现阶段应该是减排
   

   12.0%
   15,287

3、全球减排机制建立后，最大的受益者会是谁？

1. 序号
   选项
   比例
   票数
   用户分析
2. 1 C 受污染的普通民众
   

   49.2%
   62,668
4. 2 A 发达国家掌握减排技术的企业
   

   41.8%
   53,189
6. 3 B 发展中国家需要资金、技术支持的企业
   

   9.0%
   11,412

 

2009/12/19 He, Gang <stee...@gmail.com>:

[Luo Rui]

据说最早的一份草稿里面，哪些空的表格里面都有数字的。师兄在COP15有看到这份文档么？

2009/12/19, He, Gang <stee...@gmail.com>:

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Luo Rui
Colegio de Ciencias Ambientales
Universidad de Pekín
Pekín 100871
República Popular de China
Móvil:86 1381 193 7657