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Nella Mcnairy

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Aug 5, 2024, 1:38:10 AM8/5/24
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Thisis a short-term forecast of the location and intensity of the aurora. This product is based on the OVATION model and provides a 30 to 90 minute forecast of the location and intensity of the aurora. The forecast lead time is the time it takes for the solar wind to travel from the L1 observation point to Earth.

The aurora is an indicator of the current geomagnetic storm conditions and provides situational awareness for a number of technologies. The aurora directly impacts HF radio communication and GPS/GNSS satellite navigation. It is closely related to the ground induce currents that impact electric power transition.


The OVATION (Oval Variation, Assessment, Tracking, Intensity, and Online Nowcasting) model is an empirical model of the intensity of the aurora developed at the Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory by Patrick Newell and co-workers1. The model uses the solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field measured at the L1 orbit position at 1.6 million km (1 million miles) upstream from earth as input and calculates three types of electron precipitation and the proton precipitation which strongly correlate with the aurora. An estimate of aurora viewing probability can be derived by assuming a linear relationship to the intensity of the aurora. This relationship was validated by comparison with data from the Ultraviolet imager (UVI) instrument on the NASA Polar satellite(2).


On occasion, the input solar wind data are either contaminated or unavailable. In those instances, an alternative estimate of the solar wind forcing, based on the current Kp geomagnetic index is used to drive the OVATION model. When this occurs, there is no forecast lead time.


In 2011, NOAA (NCEI and SWPC) developed a real-time version of the OVATION model to forecast the location and intensity of the aurora. Machol and Redmon (NCEI) developed the real-time ovation model. Viereck (SWPC) implemented the model and developed the graphical products to run in realtime to create aurora forecasts.


In 2013, Newell upgraded the OVATION Prime model so that it would more accurately capture large geomagnetic storms. The original model, based solely on DMSP data, was only reliable to Kp of 7. By adding data from the NASA TIMED GUVI instrument, Newell et al., were able to expand the model to include the larger storm values of Kp of 8 and 9.


These 15-minute in-service suites are a professional development resource for staff in busy, active early childhood centers and programs. They are organized around one topic or big idea and address effective teaching and assessment practices.


To learn how the 15-minute in-service suites connect to the domains and dimensions of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), review the Crosswalk of 15-Minutes In-service Suites with the CLASS


Everyone in U.S. cities should have access to a quality park within a 10-minute walk of their home. We call on mayors to accelerate the creation of parks that drive equitable, healthy and thriving communities.


Parks serving a majority of people of color are, on average, half as large and serve nearly five times more people as parks that serve a majority-white population. And parks serving primarily low-income households are, on average, four times smaller than parks that serve a majority of high-income households.


Mayors and city agencies are leading the way in a broader re-visioning of our cities and positioning parks as critical infrastructure to improve quality of life and support a healthy and equitable future. Changes requiring parks and play spaces as part of housing and development projects increases access to greenspaces. Likewise, nature-based solutions to protect from flooding and heat help cities become stronger and more resilient. Park equity requires looking at who does and does not have access to the benefits of parks, and prioritizing investments where it is needed the most. Advancing park equity is a step mayors are taking towards creating equitable, healthy, and thriving communities.


We know it takes a team to create equitable and thriving communities. We are proud to work with national and community partners including those in federal and state agencies, city leadership, municipal planning, engineering, parks and recreation, the arts, private development, public health, education, non-profits, and more to advance park equity.


A yes or no answer does not help you much, so it is a good idea to word your question so that it elicits as much detail as possible. If you wish to explore the one-minute paper technique further, please feel free to get in touch with us.


A 10 minute neighborhood is a community where residents can walk short distances from home to destinations that meet their daily needs. These walkable communities are comprised of two important characteristics:


Although the analysis reference is to walkability, the same principles of creating, sustaining, and enhancing places where people have convenient access applies to people using wheelchairs and other mobility aids. Similarly, a more walkable neighborhood may also be considered a more bikeable neighborhood.


The Growth Management Act (GMA) encourages urban planning approaches that concentrate growth in urban areas to allow efficient provision of services, reduce sprawl, promote physical activity, and support transportation choices. Vision 2050 is the regional strategy for meeting GMA goals. Vision 2050 sets an overarching goal of creating healthy, walkable, compact, and equitable transit-oriented communities that maintain unique character and local culture, while conserving rural areas and creating and preserving open space and natural areas. It also requires communities to develop strategies, programs, and projects that address nonmotorized travel as a safe and efficient transportation option.


At a basic level, the 10 Minute Neighborhood analysis allows the City to measure how walkable the City is today given current land use and accessibility. From a planning perspective, the City also considers the tool as decisions are made about growth and density. Options to improve 10 minute neighborhoods include creating more destinations, creating better access, and/or concentrating anticipated growth within 10 minute neighborhoods (rather than in less walkable areas).


The analysis also helps the City prioritize transportation investment. Creating new destinations can be expensive or impossible, so providing new or improved access to existing destinations is a more practical approach to expanding 10 minute neighborhoods.


As part of the 2015 Parks, Recreation & Open Space (PROS) Plan, the City evaluated where there are gaps in parklands based on walking accessibility and can use that analysis to prioritize park acquisition.


Attributes that are based on a specific location were mapped and actual walk distances measured. This is a marked improvement over past efforts that simply used buffers (as the crow flies) and could not account for whether or not a connection exists. For detailed information on how the analysis is conducted, review the Technical Appendix.


The product of this analysis is a heat map(PDF, 2MB) showing neighborhoods that are the most walkable (in yellow and light orange) and areas of the community where walking to meet daily needs would be challenging (in blue and purple).


Ensure that the input to the function is either a reference to a cell containing a date/time, a function which returns a date/time object such as TIME, or a date serial number of the type returned by the N function. Google Sheets represents dates and times as numbers; while conversion is automatic when a human-readable date is entered into a cell, functions only accept literal dates in numeric format.


MINUTE returns the intuitive understanding of minutes, and is useful primarily in other calculations rather than to extract the minute component of a known time, as that value is easily known from a plain reading of the entire time.


The LSAT consists of four sections: three scored sections and one unscored section. Between the second and third sections, test takers are provided a 10-minute intermission. The intermission will be your opportunity to take a quick pause, use the restroom, perhaps eat or drink something or stretch your legs, but you must continue to follow the rules and not engage in any prohibited behaviors. Most importantly:


It is absolutely critical that you return to your computer within the allotted 10 minutes. Failure to return after the 10-minute intermission will put your testing session in jeopardy.


At the completion of Section 2, the exam will go into an Intermission screen with a brief description of the 10-minute intermission. At the bottom of the screen you will see a countdown timer and a Continue to Step 2 button. Once the intermission begins, you have up to 10 minutes to leave your testing area, use the restroom, eat or drink something, stretch, and get ready for the second half of your test. Section 3 will not begin until the countdown clock expires. Test takers must click the Continue to Step 2 button in order to move on to Section 3. Once this button is clicked, your proctor will resecure your testing environment so that you can go on to Section 3.


We know you may have questions about the online, live remote-proctored LSAT, or how the intermission and check-in process will work, so we have prepared a series of frequently asked questions. Please take a moment to review them carefully.


The intermission is designed to provide an opportunity for you to take a brief pause, use the restroom, perhaps eat or drink something or stretch your legs, but the test is still in session and you must not engage in any prohibited behaviors. You are still not allowed to use any electronic device, such as a cell phone, or use your computer for any reason other than taking the LSAT. Additionally, you should not work on your scratch paper or discuss the test with anyone. Please review the LSAC Candidate Agreement for additional details on prohibited behaviors.

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