Retina Ekran
Ashlie Hagenson
Retina display is a branded series of LCDs and OLED displays by Apple Inc. that have a higher pixel density than traditional displays.[1] Apple has registered the term "Retina" as a trademark with regard to computers and mobile devices with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and Canadian Intellectual Property Office.[2][3] The applications were approved in 2012 and 2014 respectively. The Canadian application cited a 2010 application in Jamaica.
The Retina display debuted in 2010 with the iPhone 4 and the iPod Touch (4th Generation), and later the iPad (3rd generation) where each screen pixel of the iPhone 3GS, iPod touch (3rd generation), and iPad 2 was replaced by four smaller pixels, and the user interface scaled up to fill in the extra pixels. Apple calls this mode HiDPI mode. In simpler words, it is one logical pixel that corresponds to four physical pixels. The scale factor is tripled for devices with even higher pixel densities, such as the iPhone 6 Plus and iPhone X.[4] The advantage of this equation is that the CPU "sees" a small portion of the data and calculates the relative positions of each element, and the GPU renders these elements with high quality assets. The goal of Retina displays is to make the text and images being displayed crisper.[5][6][7][8]
The Retina display has since expanded to most Apple product lines, such as Apple Watch, iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, iPad Mini, iPad Air, iPad Pro, MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, iMac, and Pro Display XDR, some of which have never had non-Retina displays.[9] Apple uses various marketing terms to differentiate between its LCD and OLED displays having various resolutions, contrast levels, color reproduction, or refresh rates. It is known as Liquid Retina display for the iPhone XR, iPad Air 4th Generation, iPad Mini 6th Generation, iPad Pro 3rd Generation and later versions,[10] and Retina 4.5K display for the iMac.[11]
In practice, thus far Apple has converted a device's display to Retina by doubling the number of pixels in each direction, quadrupling the total resolution. This increase creates a sharper interface at the same physical dimensions. The only exceptions to this have been the iPhone 6 Plus, 6S Plus, 7 Plus, and 8 Plus, which render their images at triple the number of pixels in each direction, before down-sampling to 1080p resolution.
The displays are manufactured worldwide by different suppliers. Currently, the iPad's display comes from Samsung,[12] while the MacBook Pro and iPod Touch displays are made by LG Display[13] and Japan Display Inc.[14] There was a shift of display technology from twisted nematic (TN) liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) to in-plane switching (IPS) LCDs starting with the iPhone 4 models in June 2010.
Reviews of Apple devices with Retina displays have generally been positive on technical grounds, with comments describing it as a considerable improvement on earlier screens and praising Apple for driving third-party application support for high-resolution displays more effectively than on Windows.[21][22][23] While high-dpi displays such as IBM's T220 and T221 had been sold in the past, they had seen little take-up due to their cost of around $8400.[24]
Raymond Soneira, president of DisplayMate Technologies, has challenged Apple's claim. He says that the physiology of the human retina is such that there must be at least 477 pixels per inch in a pixelated display for the pixels to become imperceptible to the human eye at a distance of 12 inches (305 mm).[29] Astronomer and science blogger Phil Plait notes, however, that, "if you have [better than 20/20] eyesight, then at one foot away the iPhone 4S's pixels are resolved. The picture will look pixelated. If you have average eyesight [20/20 vision], the picture will look just fine... So in my opinion, what Jobs said was fine. Soneira, while technically correct, was being picky."[30] The retinal neuroscientist Bryan Jones offers a similar analysis of more detail and comes to a similar conclusion: "I'd find Apple's claims stand up to what the human eye can perceive."[31]
Apple fan website CultOfMac hosts an article by John Brownlee[32] who incorrectly[33] stated that the resolution the human eye can discern at 12 inches is 900 PPI, concluding "Apple's Retina Displays are only about 33% of the way there."[32] On the topic of 20/20 vision, Brownlee misrepresented visual acuity in the population saying "most research suggests that normal vision is actually much better than 20/20" when in truth the majority have worse than 20/20 vision,[34] and the WHO considers average vision as 20/40.[35] Brownlee also stated that people do not always view displays at a constant distance, and claimed a close-viewed display could no longer be classed as Retina. However, near visual acuity is usually poor due to presbyopia[34] in nearly everyone over 40, such that decreasing reading distance can actually reduce perceivable resolution.
The first smartphone following the iPhone 4 to ship with a display of a comparable pixel density was the Nokia E6, running Symbian Anna, with a resolution of 640 480 at a screen size of 62.5mm. This was an isolated case for the platform however, as all other Symbian-based devices had larger displays with lower resolutions. Some older Symbian smartphones, including the Nokia N80 and N90, featured a 2.1 inch display at 259 ppi, which was one of the sharpest at the time. The first Android smartphones with the same display - Meizu M9 was launched a few months later in beginning of 2011. In October of the same year Galaxy Nexus was announced, which had a display with a better resolution. By 2013 the 300+ ppimark was found on midrange phones such as the Moto G.[36] From 2013 to 2014, many flagship devices such as the Samsung Galaxy S4 and HTC One (M8) had 1080p (FHD) screens around 5-inches for a 400+ PPI which surpassed the Retina density on the iPhone 5.
The second major redesign of the iPhone, the iPhone 6, has a 1334 750 resolution on a 4.7-inch screen, while rivals such as the Samsung Galaxy S6 have a QHD display of 2560 1440 resolution, close to four times the number of pixels found in the iPhone 6, giving the S6 a 577 PPI that is almost twice that of the iPhone 6's 326 PPI.[37] The Sony Xperia Z5 Premium launched in late 2015 had 806 PPI. The larger iPhone 6 Plus features a "Retina HD display", which is a 5.5-inch 1080p screen with 401 PPI.
mzkilci - You say it looks smaller than 1400 x 400 px. But because the pixels on a Retina desktop display are around 220 ppi, if you measure that image you will probably find that it is in fact 1400 x 400 pixels. Try this: Press Command-Shift-4 (the Mac shortcut for taking a screen shot of an area) and drag a rectangle matching the size of that image at 100%. As you drag, the pixel measurement next to the pointer will tell you how large the screen shot will be. It will probably be 1400 x 400 px.
No you're not. Photoshop is a raster image editor and thus renders pixel for pixel 1:1. It makes no adjustments for your hi-DPI device. You must do that yourself through your OS settings. See HiDPI and Retina Display Support FAQ below.
If you believe this is done incorrectly, unfortunately, if you decide to switch to just about any other Mac photo editor out there like Affinity Photo, Pixelmator, etc., you will find that they treat magnification exactly the same way Photoshop does. So one solution is to understand what 100% magnification really means: When 100% means 1:1 image to screen pixels, 100% will always depend on the ppi of the display, and will always look smaller on higher resolution displays.
Also, note that an image you edit in Photoshop at 1:1 on a Retina/HiDPI display may look 50% smaller than when uploaded to the web. That is because web browsers typically adjust for Retina/HiDPI displays by enlarging images by 200%. However, this workaround means they are not using the full resolution of the display, while Photoshop is.
thanks. I get all this and I've been using photoshop for many years but for online advertising and small formats such as 468x60 120x600 etc photoshop at 100% preview on my imac is so small it's unworkable unless I design at double the pixel size and then resize down. This seems insane as before retina display it was never an issue. The problem is on some graphic content that's detailed and fine you can't really trust what you're producing regarding web preview
Sure, so double the size. Retina was INVENTED so people like photographers would have fine detail shown in tiny pixels. That's why it is made and sold. Photoshop lets you work at that level of detail, and we sure would be flooded with complaints if it didn't show the detail people had paid for.
It's all relative. Your 226 dpi display is like an Olympic sized swimming pool compared to an average 96 dpi display which is more like a child's inflatable pool. Your image of 72,000 total pixels gets lost in the Olympic pool but looks normal in the kiddie's pool.
Avoid using pixel-based raster images. Switch to Illustrator and create vector graphics which are not resolution dependent. SVGs are math-based and thus remain stable at any size without distortion or pixelation. SVGs are ideal for icons, logos, trademarks, drawings, comics, cartoon puppets, text, infographics and other flat colored images.
I've gotten some graphics files for buttons etc. from the designer. Most of the retina files have one or both dimensions odd, like 29 x 30 or 79 x 61, and then the dimensions of the corresponding non-retina files will be 15 x 15 or 39 x 31, for example. The dimensions of the UIImageView s that hold each image exactly match the size of the non-retina files they hold, so on a non-retina phone there is no distortion and everything looks fine.
On a retina phone, these images (icons and such) only look fine when the images happen to be even dimensions (like 30 x 30 or 46 x 80); when there's an odd dimension to the image, it gets distorted slightly.
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