Congratulations. I'm glad all this didn't end in total failure to get something going.
Now for WiFi:
You know, if you happen to have a USB card reader , you could actually put your old SD card "chip" into that, connect it via USB to the Rasp, and then we could tell you how to directly copy the wifi configuration from your old SD-card to the current card. That would reduce the risk of doing something wrong manually. Windows cannot read the filesystem on the SD-card for the Raspi.
Anyway, probably the easiest way is this:
* Take a note of your WiFI "SSID", the identifier of your network. It will be displayed on any device that can log into your network via WiFi like a smart phone etc. You may have picked that name yourself or it's still the default for your router
*
Take a note of your WiFI's network password. That's the password you have to specify when you connect devices like smart phones, tablets, etc to your WiFi.
* log into the raspi via SSH
* execute
sudo raspi-config
you'll see al little ASCII GUI, you can select menu entries with the up and down and left and right cursor keys and enter a menu with RETURN key
* select "System Option" => RETURN
* on the next menu level, select Wireless LAN ==> RETURN
* you are now asked to enter the wireless network identifier that you wrote down at the beginning , then press RETURN
* you are then asked to specify your existing password the WiFi net , then press return
* It might take a few seconds before the GUI is showing the main menu again, be patient.
* go to the "Localisation Options" menu item (press cursor down a few times), then RETURN
* move to the "WLAN country item" , then press RETURN
* Select the country you are in , so for "US" you need to move down almost to the end of the list to mark that item, then press RETURN
* The GUI will display your choice, you press RETURN once more to confirm
* you should be back in the main menu
* press the cursor-*right* or the TAB key twice to highlight the <FINISH> menu item, and press RETURN
* You are asked whether you want to reboot now. Eventually you need to reboot so why not now.
Done!
Give the Raspi some time to re-boot, then you can try to connect via WiFi, but I suggest that you connect again via the ethernet address.
Then you can again do
ifconfig
and it should show you the WiFi adapters IP address on your Raspi under the "wlan0" entry in the list that is displayed by ifconfig.
Next time you log into the Raspi, you can try ssh with this WiFi address.
Does it work?
If not, you can check the configuration data that you gave for typos, it's all stored on teh Raspi in the file
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
sudo nano
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
can be used to edit the file if you made a mistake and need to change the network name or password. Do ***not*** share the content of that file here because it contains your password.
Cheers
HB
If ythis didn't work, you can still connect via