So if you are looking at a Marlin based temp table anyway, the values are based on an ADC reading. If you want to reverse the ADC reading to get resistance you can follow this formula:
R=(4700/(1023/<ADC>-1))
The the 1023 is the ADC range on most standard arduinos, So you take the current ADC reading-1(because adc runs from 0 to 1023 but 1024 represents infinity) and divide it by the functional ADC range. The resistor value most all boards use is 4.7k ohm so you then divide the result with that to get the true resistance from the thermistor.
Most 3d printers use arduinos to operate though, and use the ADC reading like you would normally across a voltage divider so aside from doing the math to figure the resistance on the arduino and compare to raw resistance values you in theory would have an easier time just using the temp tables as they were I would think. Its your project though and I have no clue what you are trying to achieve so do not let me tell you that what you have planned is not the better route. More of just a curiosity with the code.