Harald,
I had a similar experience with a MPL3115A3, where I used com.pi4j.io.i2c.* and I could never get it to work correctly, because the MPL3115A3 seems to reset it's address register every time it receives a stop bit. After changing my code to:
import com.pi4j.wiringpi.I2C;
i2c_handle = I2C.wiringPiI2CSetup(MPL_ADDRESS);
data = I2C.wiringPiI2CReadReg8(i2c_handle, MPL_DEVICE_ID_REG)
Everything seems to operate correctly.