Environmental Natural Resource Economics Tietenberg Pdf Download
Takeshi Krueger
Environmental and Natural Resource Economics is one of the most widely used textbooks for environmental economics and natural resource economics courses, offering a policy-oriented approach and introducing economic theory and empirical work from the field. Students will develop a global perspective of both environmental and natural resource economics and how they interact.
environmental natural resource economics tietenberg pdf download
Download Zip https://urllie.com/2yVh35
Her research has covered topics including valuation of ecosystem services and environmental amenities, water allocation and water pricing, and research on teaching environmental economics including climate change. She is currently working with explore.org and the national park service to estimate the value of iconic mammals including brown bears. Other current work includes estimating the economic impact and benefits of small dam removals and new research focuses on building coastal resilience in the face of sea level rise as well as examining economic resilience and capacity building in the face of rapid glacier melt.
Welcome to the Companion Website for the suite of environmental and natural resource economics written by Tom Tietenberg and Lynne Lewis. The resources here can be used for Environmental and Natural Resource Economics 11th edition, Environmental Economics: The Essentials and Natural Resource Economics: The Essentials.
Environmental and Natural Resource Economics is the best-selling text for natural resource economics and environmental economics courses, offering a policy-oriented approach and introducing economic theory and empirical work from the field.
Thomas Harry (Tom) Tietenberg (born 21 October 1942) is an American economist and environmentalist, and Emeritus Professor at Colby College, known for his work in the field of resource-based economy.[1][2]
After his graduation Tietenberg started his academic career in 1971 as assistant professor in economics at Williams College. In 1977 he started at Colby College as Associate Professor in economics, got promoted to Professor in Economics in 1984, and chaired the department of economics from 1985 to 1988 and from 1993 to 1995. Tietenberg was also principal consultant in the field of environmental policy for national and international government agencies and organizations, such as the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. He was one of the speakers at the first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992.[3]
Under both the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Oil Pollution Act (OPA), there are two parts to the "natural resources" definition. First, natural resources are defined broadly to include land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, groundwater, drinking water supplies and other such resources. Second, the resource must belong to, be managed by, held in trust by, appertain to or otherwise be controlled by the United States, any State, an Indian Tribe, a local government or a foreign government [CERCLA 101(16); OPA 1001(20)].
Damages are defined as injury to, destruction of, or loss of natural resources [CERCLA 101(6); 107(a)(4)(C); 111(b); OPA 1001(5); 1002(b)(2)]. The measure of damages under CERCLA and OPA is the cost of restoring injured natural resources to their baseline condition, compensation for the interim loss of injured resources pending recovery, and the reasonable costs of a damage assessment [CERCLA 107(a)(4)(C); 107(f)(1); OPA 1001(5); 1002(b)(2); 43 CFR 11.15; 15 CFR 990.62].
CERCLA 107(f)(2)(A) and OPA 1006(b)(2) require that the President designate federal officials who shall act on behalf of the public as Trustees for natural resources. Section 300.600 of the National Contingency Plan (NCP) states that the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Interior and others shall act as Trustees for the natural resources subject to their respective management or control.
CERCLA 107(f)(2)(B), OPA 1006(b)(3), and Section 300.605 of the NCP allow the Governor of each State to designate state officials who may act on behalf of the public as State Trustees for natural resources.
Section 300.610 of the NCP calls for Tribal chairmen (or heads of governing bodies) of Indian Tribes to also act on behalf of the Indian Tribes as Tribal Trustees for the natural resources, including their supporting ecosystems, belonging to, managed by, controlled by or appertaining to such Indian Tribe, or held in trust for the benefit of such Indian Tribe, or belonging to a member of such Indian Tribe, if such resources are subject to a trust restriction on alienation.
Under CERCLA, EPA's NRD role is one of notification and coordination. EPA is required to notify Trustees of potential injuries to natural resources at sites where releases or threats of releases are under investigation. EPA is also required to coordinate assessments, investigations and planning with Trustees [CERCLA 104(b)(2)]. In addition, EPA is required to notify Federal Natural Resource Trustees of negotiations with potentially responsible parties (PRPs) and to encourage their participation in negotiations, if the release under investigation may potentially injure Trust Resources [CERCLA 122(j)(1)]. Under OPA, EPA is the lead agency in responding to oil spills in inland waters.
An NRDA is the process of collecting, compiling and analyzing information, statistics or data to determine the extent of injuries to natural resources from hazardous substance releases or oil discharges, and to determine appropriate ways of restoring and compensating for those injuries [43 CFR Part 11; 15 CFR Part 990].
Yes. There may be multiple Natural Resource Trustees because of coexisting or contiguous natural resources or concurrent jurisdictions. Where there are multiple Trustees, they should coordinate and cooperate in carrying out their joint responsibilities [40 CFR 300.615(a)]. Federal and State agencies and Indian Tribes may be co-Trustees for the same natural resource. For example, in cases where a CERCLA release could potentially impact migratory birds, the Department of the Interior (DOI) and a State could be co-Trustees.
Both CERCLA and OPA prohibit Trustees from recovering the same damages twice. This means that if a Trustee has received NRD for a particular natural resource loss or injury caused by a release or discharge, that Trustee cannot sue in the same or in a different court for additional NRD for the same loss or injury [CERCLA 107(f)(1); OPA 1006(d)(3)].
CERCLA provides Federal and State Trustees and OPA provides Federal, State and Tribal Trustees with "the force and effect of a rebuttable presumption" for the determination and assessment of damages to natural resources if they take place in accordance with the assessment regulations promulgated under the respective statute [CERCLA 107(f)(2)(C); OPA 1006(e)(2)]. This means that, if Trustees perform an NRDA in accordance with the regulations, the results of the assessment will be presumed to be correct, and that the PRP would have to disprove the findings. This effectively places the burden of proof on the PRP [Natural Resource Damage Assessment Primer, DOI, February 1993].
Contingent valuation is one of several methods used in NRDAs to quantitatively measure damages or scale restoration. The method relies on hypothetical questions posed by surveys to ascertain how much respondents would be willing to pay to preserve the natural resources or to reduce the amount of injury to resources caused by the release or discharge (Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Tietenberg, 1992). Contingent valuation can be used to measure use values alone or use values plus non-use values. Its use to measure non-use value has been controversial. Natural Resource Trustees have rarely used it for this purpose.
The term "use value" seeks to capture values for the public's use of natural resources, many of which are not actually traded in the marketplace, but can be assigned a dollar value. For example, consumptive value attributes a value to lost resource uses of sportsmen and tourists who would have taken wildlife in hunting or fishing pursuits, while non-consumptive uses include the ecosystem's value to photographers, bird watchers and other users.
Valuation of natural resources is not based solely on "use" of a particular resource or set of resources. People may derive value from simply knowing that the resource is there, even if they never actively use it. "Bequest" value, for example, is an element of non-use value and reflects the value of the resource as a legacy passed from the present generation to its children. In the economics literature, natural resource values not related to present use of the resource have been termed "existence," "intrinsic," "passive" and "non-use" values. There is disagreement among economists and policymakers on a precise definition of this concept [Environmental Law and Policy: Nature, Law, and Society, Plater, et. al., 1992].
Under both CERCLA and OPA, damages for injury to, destruction of or loss of natural resources, including the reasonable costs of assessing damages, are recoverable from PRPs [CERCLA 107(a)(4)(C); OPA 1002(b)(2)(A)].
Sums recovered for NRD are available for use only to restore, replace or acquire the equivalent of a natural resource and to reimburse the Trustees' cost of assessing damages [CERCLA 107(f)(1); OPA 1006(f)]. Under OPA, any amounts in excess of those required for these reimbursements and costs are to be deposited in the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund [OPA 1006(f)].
Environmental Economics and Policy provides a broad but nuanced introduction to the field of environmental economics. This text begins with an introduction to core concepts and theory, followed by a series of policy chapters that are self-contained, allowing for a great degree of flexibility in course design. Boxes throughout the text introduce a large number of real-world examples and ongoing policy debates in order to bring new perspective to the issues being discussed.
aa06259810