Icy Tower Download
Takeshi Krueger
We offer solutions and services to deploy and support wireless networks in 25 countries located across 6 continents. Our largest operation is in the United States; visit the United States website or any of our country sites.
Founded in 1995, American Tower Corporation, one of the largest global Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), is a leading independent owner, operator and developer of wireless and broadcast communications real estate.
Through our global reach and expertise, a diverse range of capabilities and a leading portfolio of towers and other communication real estate, we enable our customers to connect with those they serve.
American Tower Corporation is a Fortune 500, S&P 500 and Forbes Global 2000 company that provides the infrastructure for modern digital communications. We have operations in the major markets of the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania.
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures.
Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building.
Towers have been used by humankind since prehistoric times. The oldest known may be the circular stone tower in walls of Neolithic Jericho (8000 BC). Some of the earliest towers were ziggurats, which existed in Sumerian architecture since the 4th millennium BC. The most famous ziggurats include the Sumerian Ziggurat of Ur, built in the 3rd millennium BC, and the Etemenanki, one of the most famous examples of Babylonian architecture.
Some of the earliest surviving examples are the broch structures in northern Scotland, which are conical tower houses. These and other examples from Phoenician and Roman cultures emphasised the use of a tower in fortification and sentinel roles. For example, the name of the Moroccan city of Mogador, founded in the first millennium BC, is derived from the Phoenician word for watchtower ('migdol'). The Romans utilised octagonal towers[1] as elements of Diocletian's Palace in Croatia, which monument dates to approximately 300 AD, while the Servian Walls (4th century BC) and the Aurelian Walls (3rd century AD) featured square ones. The Chinese used towers as integrated elements of the Great Wall of China in 210 BC during the Qin dynasty. Towers were also an important element of castles.
Other well known towers include the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy built from 1173 until 1372, the Two Towers in Bologna, Italy built from 1109 until 1119 and the Towers of Pavia (25 survive), built between 11th and 13th century. The Himalayan Towers are stone towers located chiefly in Tibet built approximately 14th to 15th century.[2]
Up to a certain height, a tower can be made with the supporting structure with parallel sides. However, above a certain height, the compressive load of the material is exceeded, and the tower will fail. This can be avoided if the tower's support structure tapers up the building.
A third limit is dynamic; a tower is subject to varying winds, vortex shedding, seismic disturbances etc. These are often dealt with through a combination of simple strength and stiffness, as well as in some cases tuned mass dampers to damp out movements. Varying or tapering the outer aspect of the tower with height avoids vibrations due to vortex shedding occurring along the entire building simultaneously.
Although not correctly defined as towers, many modern high-rise buildings (in particular skyscraper) have 'tower' in their name or are colloquially called 'towers'. Skyscrapers are more properly classified as 'buildings'. In the United Kingdom, tall domestic buildings are referred to as tower blocks. In the United States, the original World Trade Center had the nickname the Twin Towers, a name shared with the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur. In addition some of the structures listed below do not follow the strict criteria used at List of tallest towers.
The tower throughout history has provided its users with an advantage in surveying defensive positions and obtaining a better view of the surrounding areas, including battlefields. They were constructed on defensive walls, or rolled near a target (see siege tower). Today, strategic-use towers are still used at prisons, military camps, and defensive perimeters.
By using gravity to move objects or substances downward, a tower can be used to store items or liquids like a storage silo or a water tower, or aim an object into the earth such as a drilling tower. Ski-jump ramps use the same idea, and in the absence of a natural mountain slope or hill, can be human-made.
In history, simple towers like lighthouses, bell towers, clock towers, signal towers and minarets were used to communicate information over greater distances. In more recent years, radio masts and cell phone towers facilitate communication by expanding the range of the transmitter. The CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada was built as a communications tower, with the capability to act as both a transmitter and repeater.
Towers can also be used to support bridges, and can reach heights that rival some of the tallest buildings above-water. Their use is most prevalent in suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges. The use of the pylon, a simple tower structure, has also helped to build railroad bridges, mass-transit systems, and harbors.
The design for Aqua uses architecture to capture and reinterpret the human and outdoor connections that occur more naturally when living closer to the ground. Its distinctive form is achieved by varying the floor slabs across the height the tower, based on criteria such as views, sunlight, and use.
Strategically sculpting the shape of each floor slab offers comfortable outdoor terraces, where neighbors can casually and comfortably interact when desired, as well as views to Chicago landmarks, navigating sight lines around the corners and through the gaps between existing buildings. The overall design is the cumulative result of responses to specific conditions of density, environment, and use.
The 10-story-tall landmark aligns with the east stands and features a lobby filled with interpretive exhibits, an observation deck and viewing areas. The observation deck is located on the level just under the crown, which features Bowerman and the unnamed athlete. The tower will also include office space for the UO track and field coaching staff.
The tower is one of the many ways designers honor athletes and coaches of Oregon track and field within in the new stadium, which features many faces and moments throughout, honoring the past and inspiring the future.
Bowerman (born Feb. 19, 1911) graduated from the University of Oregon in 1935 and began his coaching career in football, spending one year at Franklin High School in Portland. He then moved back to the city where he attended high school, Medford, coaching track for nine years and football for seven years.
Before passing away on Christmas Eve 1999, Bowerman returned to Fossil, the eastern Oregon town his great grandfather founded in 1867, to close the last chapter of a legacy that will never be matched.
Prefontaine arrived at the University of Oregon in 1969, having won two high school state cross country championships and three more state titles on the track for Marshfield High School. He finished third in the NCAA Cross Country Championships as a freshman but took home the titles as a sophomore, junior and senior, and he won four straight titles on the track in the three-mile/five-kilometer event.
At one point, Prefontaine owned all eight American records at distances between 2,000 and 10,000 meters, and between two miles and six miles. He also held eight collegiate records while at Oregon, and in 38 races at Hayward Field between 1970 and 1975, Prefontaine won 35 times.
The three losses all were in the mile, but Prefontaine broke the 4-minute barrier in that distance nine times. His personal best for a mile was 3:54.6 in 1973, less than four seconds off the world record at that time.
It was at the 1972 Olympic Games that Prefontaine captured the eye of the world. After setting the American record at 5,000 meters in the U.S. Olympic Trials, 13:22.8; Prefontaine was determined to run with his trademark style in the Olympics. He took the lead in the last mile in Munich, only to fall to fourth in the home stretch.
The early disappointment quickly turned to a learning opportunity and a motivational tool for Rogers. Not only did she qualify for the NCAA Outdoor Championships later that year but as the only freshman to advance to the final, she ran away with the 800-meter national title in 1:59.71, the fastest in-season time by a collegiate runner in eight years.
Rogers swept the NCAA indoor and outdoor titles in 2016 which set her up for a soon-to-be historic 2017 season. After an indoor campaign that included a collegiate record with the distance-medley relay and another NCAA crown at 800 meters, Rogers carried the momentum into the outdoor season that featured an NCAA-record performance of 1:59.10 at the Mt. SAC Relays.
By the end of her storied career at Oregon, Rogers had collected six NCAA and three Pac-12 individual titles, helped the Women of Oregon to four NCAA and three Pac-12 team titles, set or been part of three collegiate records and won The Bowerman following her standout season in 2017.
Eaton went on to extend the world record to 9,045 points at the 2016 Olympics in Beijing to win his second gold medal in the decathlon. His mark now ranks No. 2 on the all-time list after Kevin Mayer of France broke the world record in 2018.
03c5feb9e7