Well, I managed to figure out the source of my woes. Here's the
solution, in case someone else runs into this problem. The error was
a result of using mod_security and the SecServerSignature
configuration setting being like so:
SecServerSignature "Microsoft IIS/5.0"
I'd been meaning to disable that for a while, so I guess i deserved
the afternoon of my head hitting the keyboard. Once I commented that
out and used the apache ServerSignature setting instead, everything
worked great.