Pesticide Endosulfan to Be Banned Worldwide

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Pesticide Endosulfan to Be Banned Worldwide
GENEVA, Switzerland, May 5, 2011 (ENS) - Representatives from 127
governments have agreed to add endosulfan to the United Nations' list
of persistent organic pollutants to be eliminated worldwide. The
action puts the widely-used pesticide on track for elimination from
the global market by 2012.

The decision was among more than 30 measures taken by Parties to the
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants to strengthen
global action against POPs at their meeting in Geneva last week.
In India, this boy's legs show the effects of endosulfan exposure.
(Photo by Gopaljee)

The governments agreed to list endosulfan in Annex A to the Stockholm
Convention, with specific exemptions. When the amendment enters into
force in one year, endosulfan will become the 22nd POP to be listed
under the Convention.

Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide used on crops worldwide,
mainly on cotton, coffee and tea. Endosulfan acts as an endocrine
disruptor, causing reproductive and developmental damage in both
humans and animals.

Momentum for a global ban has been building for years.

"Endosulfan was first proposed for addition in the Convention in 2007.
At that time about 50 countries had already banned it; today, more
than 80 countries have banned it or announced phase-outs. NGOs have
worked very hard to make this happen," said Meriel Watts, senior
science advisor, from Pesticide Action Network Asia and the Pacific.
"But today's decision is really a tribute to all those farmers,
communities, and activists across the planet who have suffered from
endosulfan and fought for this day."
Poster in the front foyer of the Geneva meeting hall after the vote to
ban endosulfan (Photo courtesy ENB)

In June 2010, the U.S. EPA took action to end all uses of endosulfan
in the United States, after concluding that "endosulfan poses
unacceptable risks to agricultural workers and wildlife, and can
persist in the environment."

In Geneva, the governments decided that a Party to the Stockholm
Convention may extend the endosulfan phase-out period by five years
but only for a small number uses.

"The conference recognized that financial and technical support is
required to facilitate the replacement of the use of endosulfan in
developing countries and countries with economies in transition," said
UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner at the meeting.

"In establishing a consultative process on finance for the chemicals
and waste conventions, UNEP has responded to the need of those
countries by seeking to make the sound management of hazardous
chemicals a development priority of the green economy in which all
countries can fully and fairly participate," Steiner said.
At the Geneva meeting, Stockholm Convention Executive Secretary Jim
Willis, left, and Conference President, Karel Blaha, share a laugh
with delegates. (Photo courtesy Earth Negotiations Bulletin)

"New POPs present new challenges, as we are usually dealing with
chemicals that are still widely used commercially," said Jim Willis,
the newly appointed executive secretary of the Stockholm Convention.

"Parties have demonstrated that they can find creative solutions to
speed the elimination of POPs and protect environment and human health
from these dangerous chemicals," said Willis.

Environmental health and justice organizations from around the world
who have been working towards a ban welcomed the decision.

"We are pleased with the decision of the global community today to
phase out this dangerous chemical that has contaminated our
traditional foods in the Arctic. Our people are some of the most
contaminated on the planet," said Vi Waghiyi, a Yupik woman from St.
Lawrence Island Alaska who serves as director of the Alaska Community
Action on Toxics Environmental Health and Justice Program. She urged
that all uses of endosulfan be ended quickly.

Endosulfan has severely impacted the people of Kerala, India, where
its use on cashew plantations has left thousands suffering from birth
defects, mental retardation, and cancer. "This is the moment we have
been dreaming of," said Jayan Chelaton from Thanal, a public interest
research group based in Kerala.
In Kerala, a mother shows her endosulfan-damaged child to a government
official, November 2010. (Image courtesy Endosulfan Victims)

"The tears of the mothers of the endosulfan victims cannot be
remedied, but it will be a relief to them that there will not be any
more people exposed to this toxic insecticide," said Chelaton. "It is
good feeling for them. We are happy to note that this is also victory
for poor farmers, as this proves people united from all over the world
can get what they demand."

While some agricultural workers in India have resisted a ban on
endosulfan, saying it is not harmful, the Supreme Court Monday heard a
petition seeking a ban on sale and production of endosulfan across the
country filed by the Communist Party of India's youth wing, the
Democratic Youth Federation of India.

More than 700 delegates took part in the conference from April 25 to
29. Under the theme, Stockholm at 10: Chemical Challenges, Sustainable
Solutions, the conference marked the 10th anniversary of the adoption
of the treaty in 2001.

On other issues, the governments evaluated the continued need for DDT
for disease vector control to combat mosquitoes carrying the deadly
malaria parasite.
Delegate Szilvia Deim of the EU (Photo courtesy ENB)

On the basis of current scientific, technical, environmental and
economic information, the Parties saw a continued need to use DDT
while effective alternatives are being sought and implemented by an
increasing number of countries.

Victoria Mupwaya, director of the Environmental Council of Zambia,
said, "Despite all efforts, malaria remains one of the world's
tragedies with almost a million fatalities every year. All means are
needed to combat this vector."

The Stockholm Convention allows the use of DDT for public health
interventions for disease vector control as recommended by and under
the guidance of the World Health Organization, WHO, because locally
appropriate and cost-effective alternatives are not yet available.
Delegate Gauri Kumar of India (Photo courtesy ENB)

The first assembly of the Global Alliance for Alternatives to DDT,
held on April 26, agreed with the WHO findings.

Although there is no deadline for the elimination of DDT, the goal of
the Global Alliance is to reduce reliance on DDT for disease vector
control by strengthening countries' capacities to deploy safer
alternatives.

The conference requested that UNEP take over administration of the
Global Alliance, in collaboration with the World Health Organization.
UNEP was also requested to take over the PCB Elimination Network.

Monique Barbut, chief executive officer of the Global Environment
Facility, speaking at the "Finance Forum for Sustainable Solutions" on
the opening day of the conference, announced the GEF would provide US
$250,000 in support to countries to update their national
implementation plans in response to the adoption of new POPs to the
Convention.

In total, the GEF has funded more than US$1 billion to address
implementation of international agreements on hazardous chemicals and
waste clusters.

Seven new Stockholm Convention regional centers were endorsed by the
conference in Algeria, Kenya, India, Iran, Russia, Senegal and South
Africa. The Russian regional center is conditional on the Russian
Federation's ratification of the Stockholm Convention.