World Tamil Historical Society Oxford
Kylee Evancho
Necessarily oral cultures can only endure through performance, but those performances draw on existing traditions. There is a relationship between the present and the past through which one can explore how societies thought about their own history. For example, I worked with va Guillorel (Universit Rennes 2) on how memories of Early Modern revolts in Europe were maintained in succeeding generations, particularly through song. This Agence nationale de Recherche project resulted in an edited collection Rhythms of Revolt: European Traditions and Memories of Social Conflict in Oral Culture (Routledge 2019, translated into French as Traditions orales et mmoires sociales des rvoltes en Europe, XVe-XIXe sicle). Within this wider topic I am currently working on a particular theme: how rural societies remembered feudalism and its abolition around the time of the French Revolution, and how those historical traditions affected social and political practices in following centuries.
The culture of insurgents in early modern Europe was primarily an oral one; memories of social conflicts in the communities affected were passed on through oral forms such as songs and legends. This popular history continued to influence political choices and actions through and after the early modern period. The chapters in this book examine numerous examples from across Europe of how memories of revolt were perpetuated in oral cultures, and they analyse how traditions were used.
The growth of nations, national ideologies and the accompanying quest for the authentic among the people has been a subject of enquiry for many disciplines. Building upon wide-ranging scholarship, this interdisciplinary study seeks to analyse the place of folklore in the long nineteenth century throughout Europe as an important symbol in the growth and development of nations and nationalism, and in particular to see how combining perspectives from History, Literary Studies, Music and Architecture can help provide enhanced and refreshing perspectives on the complex process of nation-building.
evolutionary France gave the modern world the concept of the "nation-in-arms", a potent combination of nationalism, militarism and republicanism embodied in the figure of the conscript. But it was not a concept shared by those most affected by conscription, the peasantry, who regarded the soldier as representative of an entirely different way of life. Concentrating on the militarised borderlands of eastern France, this book examines the disjuncture between the patriotic expectations of elites and the sentiments expressed in popular songs, folktales and imagery.
Dr Oliver Scott Curry, lead author and senior researcher at the Institute for Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, said: 'The debate between moral universalists and moral relativists has raged for centuries, but now we have some answers. People everywhere face a similar set of social problems, and use a similar set of moral rules to solve them. As predicted, these seven moral rules appear to be universal across cultures. Everyone everywhere shares a common moral code. All agree that cooperating, promoting the common good, is the right thing to do.'
According to co-author Professor Harvey Whitehouse, anthropologists are uniquely placed to answer long-standing questions about moral universals and moral relativism. 'Our study was based on historical descriptions of cultures from around the world; this data was collected prior to, and independently of, the development of the theories that we were testing. Future work will be able to test more fine-grained predictions of the theory by gathering new data, even more systematically, out in the field.'
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History, edited by Bonnie G. Smith, captures the experiences of women throughout history in a far-reaching, four-volume work. Although there has been extensive research on women in history by region, no other text or reference work has comprehensively covered the role women have played throughout world history. With over 650 biographies of influential women and over 600 topical articles covering topics such as geography and history, culture and society, organizations, movements, and gender studies, Women in World History is the definitive reference work in the field.
Bonnie G. Smith is Board of Governors Professor of History at Rutgers University and the Director of the Institute for Research on Women at Rutgers University. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Rochester and is the author of The Gender of History: Men, Women, and Historical Practice; Global Feminisms: A Survey of Issues and Controversies; Gendering Disability; and The Medieval and Early Modern World.
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The Angus Library and Archive unites the original collection of historical materials gathered by Principal Joseph Angus in the nineteenth century with the libraries and archive of the Baptist Union of Great Britain, Baptist Historical Society, Baptist Missionary Society and The Baptist Times. It offers printed books, pamphlets, journals, church and association records, church histories, manuscript letters and other artefacts from the early fifteenth century to the present day. It contains a comprehensive collection of Baptist periodicals from around the world.
The Angus Library and Archive has an extensive manuscript collection including collections from key Baptist people such as William Carey, C.H. Spurgeon, Joshua and Hannah Marshman and Willam Ward, E.A. Payne, and J. H Rushbrook. It also holds manuscripts for leading Baptist families such as Angus, Steele, Whitaker, and Reeves.
There is a collection of minutes and papers from a variety of Baptist organisations or organisations with which Baptists have been involved such as the European Baptist Federation, Baptist World Alliance, Baptist Historical Society, Deaconess Movement and the World Council of Churches. Special collections, including those of the Baptist Missionary Society, offer material relating to Baptist witness in Eastern Europe, the Caribbean, West Africa, India, China and South East Asia. Early connections between Baptists in Britain and the United States of America are well covered.
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Through its fluent global coverage, The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World provides information about major world developments from 1750 to the present, with close attention to social, economic, cultural, and political topics.
With eight volumes containing over 2,000 A-Z entries, the Encyclopedia benefits from the vast outpouring of work on world history in the modern period and on related area-studies. Informative articles by an array of leading scholars offer an unprecedented breadth of information relating to the modern world. Each article includes an up-to-date bibliography to help interested readers take their research further. In addition, the text is complemented by 700 images and 50 maps, making the Encyclopedia a powerful resource for scholars and students alike.
Though the collection has evolved considerably, the founding principle remains: that knowledge of humanity across cultures and across times is important to society. A laudable intention, but the uncomfortable truth is that much of the collection was inevitably selected and obtained as a result of colonial power.
Elias Ashmole acquired his collection from two gardeners: John Tradescant, father and son. Employed by the wealthy Earl of Salisbury, the Tradescants had travelled the world known to Europeans, shipping back new and exotic plant specimens for the Earl's gardens. In the course of their travels they also acquired a remarkable collection of botanical, geological and zoological items as well as man-made objects.
The standard of artworks also improved during this period thanks to gifts of paintings and drawings. An important collection of early Pre-Raphaelite works were donated in 1893 by Martha Combe, the widow of Thomas Combe who had been an early patron of the Brotherhood.
The newly independent Eastern department incorporated the Islamic world, the Indian subcontinent, South East Asia, Tibet, China, Korea and Japan, and gave these fields the prominence and scholarship that in turn encouraged further important donations. The Ashmolean today has the largest collection of Chinese greenware outside China and one of the finest collections of modern Chinese art in Europe.
In recent years, alongside other museums and cultural institutions, the Ashmolean has become increasingly aware of the need to revise the interpretation of its collections and acknowledge our collecting history. We fully acknowledge our responsibility to decolonise our thinking, language and practices to reflect a broader range of perspectives and narratives.
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