International Carriage Of Goods By Road: CMR (Maritime And Transport Law Library) Download Pdfl

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Aquilino Neadstine

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Jul 13, 2024, 9:22:18 PM7/13/24

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The first class includes the seven Incoterms 2010 rules that can be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and irrespective of whether one or more than one mode of transport is employed. EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP belong to this class. They can be used even when there is no maritime transport at all. It is important to remember, however, that these rules can be used in cases where a ship is used for part of the carriage.

Transport costs differ according to modes and the locations of origins and destinations, and these are key factors in spatial competition research and in location theories (Krugman, 1993; Scotchmer and Thisse, 1992; Hummels, 2007). However, studies of trade transport mostly discuss land and sea transport modes separately, and the maritime network and port geography are always popular issues in international trade studies because world trade is highly dependent on ocean transport. In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, there are more mature achievements in maritime transport than in rail transport in Eurasia (Lee et al., 2018; Chen and Yang, 2018; Lam et al., 2018; Peng et al., 2018). Research on rail transport mainly focusses on accessibility, development of the CRE or statistical analysis of specific rail corridors (Wang et al., 2015, 2018; Islam et al., 2013; Rodemann and Templar, 2014; Jiang et al., 2018), with only a few comparisons between different transport modes (Hillman, 2018; Schramm and Zhang, 2018; Tsuji, 2009). These comparative studies affirm that railway routes will change trade patterns in Eurasia. While they mainly analyse the freight costs of different transport modes, most of these studies are based on statistical discussions of global averages or are limited to individual cities, without any discussion of competition in space.