Industrial Microbiology Books Pdf

[Malcolm Lozada]

Thesecond volume of the Book-Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology covers various emerging concepts in microbial technology which have been developed to harness the potential of the microbes. The book examines the microbes-based products that have widespread applications in various domains i.e., agriculture, biorefinery, bioremediation, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors. It focusses on recent advances and emerging topics such as CRISPR technology, advanced topics of genomics, including functional genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, and structural and system biology approaches for enhanced production of industrially relevant products. It further gives an insight into the advancement of genetic engineering with special emphasis on value-added products via microalgal systems and their techno-economics analysis and life cycle assessment. The book towards the end presents recent advancements in the use of microbes for the production of industrial relevant enzymes, amino acids,vitamins, and nutraceuticals, on vaccine development and their biomedical applications. The book is an essential source for researchers working in allied fields of microbiology, biotechnology, and bioengineering.

This book brings together contributions from global experts who have helped to facilitate the exciting and rapid advances that are taking place in microbial metabolomics. The main application of this field is in clinical and veterinary microbiology, but there is a great potential to apply metabolomics to help to better understand complex biological systems that are dominated by multiple-species microbial populations exposed to changing growth and nutritional conditions. In particular, environmental (e.g., water, soil), food (e.g., microbial spoilage, food pathogens), and agricultural and industrial applications are seen as developing areas for microbial metabolomics. As such, the book includes contributions with clinical, environmental, and industrial perspectives.

The field of industrial microbiology involves a thorough knowledge of the microbial physiology behind the processes in the large-scale, profit-oriented production of microbe-related goods which are the subject of the field. In recent times a paradigm shift has occurred, and a molecular understanding of the various processes by which plants, animals and microorganisms are manipulated is now central to industrial microbiology. Thus the various applications of industrial microbiology are covered broadly, with emphasis on the physiological and genomic principles behind these applications. Relevance of the new elements such as bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, site-directed mutation and metabolic engineering, which have necessitated the paradigm shift in industrial microbiology are discussed.

Introduction. Introduction of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Biological basis of productivity in industrial microbiology and biotechnology. Microorganisms in Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics in Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Nutrient Media for Cultivation of Industrial Microorganisms and Production of Microbial Products. Biosynthetic Pathways for Metabolic Products of Microorganisms. Processes for Overproduction of Microbial Metabolites for Industrial Applications. Selection and Improvement of Industrial Organisms for Biotechnological Applications. Methods of Preservation of the Gene Pool in Industrial Organisms and Culture Collections. Basic operations in industrial fermentation. Fermentors and Operation of Fermentation Equipment. Downstream Processing: Extraction of Fermentation Products. Significance and Processes of Sterility in Industrial Microbiology. Production of metabolites as bulk chemicals or as inputs in other processes. Biocatalysts, Immobilized Enzymes and Immobilized Cells. Production of Biofuel and Industrial Alcohol. Production of Organic Acids. Production of Amino Acids by Fermentation. Mining Microbiology: Bioleaching by Microorganisms. Use of whole cells for food related purposes. Single Cell Protein Production. Yeast Production. Production of Microbial Insecticides. Production of Rhizobium Biofertilizer. Production of Fermented Foods. Alcohol-based fermentation industries. Production of Beer: Raw Materials and Brewing Processes. Production of Wines and Spirits. Production of Vinegar. Production of commodities of medical importance. Production of Antibiotics and Anti-Tumor Agents. Production of Ergot Alkaloids. Microbial Transformation of Steroids and Sterols. Vaccines. Drug Discovery in Microbial Metabolites: The Search for Microbial Products with Bioactive Properties. Waste disposal. Treatment of Wastes in Industry.

Benedict C. Okeke is a Professor in the Department of Biology, Auburn University at Montgomery (AUM); where he is also a Distinguished Research Professor, Ida Belle Young Endowed Professor, Alumni Professor and the founding Director of the Bioprocessing and Biofuel Research Lab (BBRL). At AUM he received superior performance evaluations in all areas: research, teaching and service. Prof. Okeke received MS and PhD degrees from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. He currently teaches industrial microbiology, environmental microbiology, special topics in biotechnology, general microbiology, and directed research. He has been an external examiner for numerous PhD students internationally. Professor Okeke did postdoctoral work at the University of California, Riverside; Gifu University, Japan; and the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy. He has 60 technical research papers in peer reviewed journals, three US patents, numerous conference abstracts and research grants from different organizations. He served as an Associate Editor for Journal of Environmental Quality and in the editorial board of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Prof. Okeke is a member of the Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, American Society for Microbiology, Phi Kappa Phi, Sigma Xi and the Alabama Academy of Science.

Industrial microbiology and biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by microorganisms or plant and animal cells to make useful products or processes. The microorganisms operated may be natural isolates, laboratory selected mutants, or microbes that have been hereditarily engineered using recombinant DNA methods. The stipulations industrial microbiology and biotechnology are often one and the similar. This book is based on the postgraduate course of industrial microbiology and concentrates on the methods that commonly characteristic prominently in graduate practical classes. It gives a balanced and integrated treatment of the whole field of industrial microbiology. It is comprehensive book for all necessities in this area for students and besides that, it is also useful to the academic professionals.

Industrial microbiology is a branch of biotechnology that applies microbial sciences to create industrial products in mass quantities, often using microbial cell factories. There are multiple ways to manipulate a microorganism in order to increase maximum product yields. Introduction of mutations into an organism may be accomplished by introducing them to mutagens. Another way to increase production is by gene amplification, this is done by the use of plasmids, and vectors. The plasmids and/ or vectors are used to incorporate multiple copies of a specific gene that would allow more enzymes to be produced that eventually cause more product yield.[1] The manipulation of organisms in order to yield a specific product has many applications to the real world like the production of some antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, solvents, alcohol and daily products. Microorganisms play a big role in the industry, with multiple ways to be used. Medicinally, microbes can be used for creating antibiotics in order to treat infection. Microbes can also be used for the food industry as well. Microbes are very useful in creating some of the mass produced products that are consumed by people. The chemical industry also uses microorganisms in order to synthesize amino acids and organic solvents. Microbes can also be used in an agricultural application for use as a biopesticide instead of using dangerous chemicals and or inoculants to help plant proliferation.

The medical application to industrial microbiology is the production of new drugs synthesized in a specific organism for medical purposes. Production of antibiotics is necessary for the treatment of many bacterial infections. Some natural occurring antibiotics and precursors, are produced through a process called fermentation. The microorganisms grow in a liquid media where the population size is controlled in order to yield the greatest amount of product. In this environment nutrient, pH, temperature, and oxygen are controlled also in order to maximize the amount of cells and cause them not to die before the production of the antibiotic of interest. Once the antibiotic is produced it must be extracted in order to yield an income.

Vitamins also get produced in massive quantities either by fermentation or biotransformation.[2] Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) for example is produced both ways. Biotransformation is mostly used for the production of riboflavin, and the carbon source starting material for this reaction is glucose. There are a few strains of microorganisms that were engineered to increase the yield of riboflavin produced. The most common organism used for this reaction is Ashbya gossypii. The fermentation process is another common way to produce riboflavin. The most common organism used for production of riboflavin through fermentation is Eremothecium ashbyii. Once riboflavin is produced it must be extracted from the broth, this is done by heating the cells for a certain amount of time, and then the cells can be filtered out of solution. Riboflavin is later purified and released as final product.[3]

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