Shin Nihongo No Kiso Romaji Pdf 14
Harald Atta
Page IIIJAPANESE LANGUAGE STUDIESIN THE SHOWA PERIOD:A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCEEDITED BY JOSEPH K. YAMAGIWAAND RESEARCH MATERIALSANN ARBOR/THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS/1961PUBLISHED FOR THE CENTER FOR JAPANESE STUDIES
Page VEDITOR'S FOREWORD ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERIESThe Bibliographical Series of the Center for Japanese Studies has for its main purpose the listing and evaluating of the major Japanese works pertaining to the humanities and social sciences particularly as they dealwith Japan and the areas immediately adjacent to Japar. It is assumed that Western materials pertaining toJapan are adequately covered in the bibliographies of Pages, von Werckstern, Nachod, Praesent-Haenisch,Pritchard, Gaskill, the annual bibliographies of the Association for Asian Studies (formerly the Far EasternAssociation), etc., and that WesterI specialists in the several fields will know how to get at the Western materials in their respective fields,The bibliographies ir. the presert series are intended to serve as an introduction to the native researchmaterials in the several disciplines and hence as ai aid to research for teachers and students. In each case anattempt has been made to desci ibe or to evaluate each work that is listed, or at least to justify the inclusion ofeach item. Scholars and librarians will perhaps find that the several bibliographies in this series will serve asuseful guides to buying programs which they may wish to initiate.The bibliographies are selective, Each item listed is believed to be of some value or interest to thescholarly user. In those cases in which it has been impossible to examine a book or article of known value, itstill is included. A book or article is thus included if it is written by a competent scholar, if it is included ina bibliography which is itself competently compiled, if it appears to treat its subject matter in detail and withan approach to completeness, if it is frequently quoted, if it is well reviewed, or if it is referred to as beingauthoritative. Wherever possible, notes as to why an item seems to be of value have been given.The scope of each bibliography is defined by the compiler or compilers in their introductions, but ingeneral each of the bibliographies lists (a) important source materials, and (b) secondary sources dating from afixed date in the recent past, as, for instance, the Meiji Restoration, 1900, 1910, etc,Although the materials in most cases deal with the Japanese islands, each compiler has set the limits ofthe geographical area which his materials cover, In certain cases expansion into areas that lie outside Japanappears to be justified by the fact that Japanese reseaich has been the dominant research for these areas. Henceone or more of the bibliographies will cover Japanese materials on Formosa, Korea, Manchuria, and the Mandated Islands.The format is uniform within each volume. In general the name of each author or compiler is given bothin romanization and characters. The surnames are given first ard the given names next, as the practice is inJapan. The names of corporate authors, such as government offices, are given in romanization and characters;they are then translated.The title of each book or article is given in romanization and characters; it is then translated. The placeof publication and the name of the publisher are given in romarization alone, but a separate listing within eachbibliography gathers together the names of the publishers, with the characters used in writing their names. Thislisting is found as an appendix in each volume.1. Long a, o, and u are indicated by macrons over the vowels,2. Only the first letters of initial words and proper nouns are capitalized.3. In the bibliographical data, the compilers have given both the edition and the printing of the work cited.Significant textual variations sometimes occur between different printings of the same edition of a givenwork.4. When dealing with an item composed of one volume, complete pagination is generally given for thatvolume, including all separately paged sections. If any title is in more than one volume, only the totalnumber of volumes is given, without paging.5. In the event that the item cited happens to be part of a series or collection, the compilers have givenin brackets introduced by an equals sign the title, characters, and translated title of that series orcollection and the number of the volume concerned.6. Works such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, yearbooks, series, and collections are cited by title; thename of the editor or compiler, in romanization and characters, is usually given after the title.7. In the case of articles found in journals, quotation marks surround the Japanese title, characters, andtranslated title.8. Abbreviations are explained in lists, if necessary.9. If any volume of a journal is continuously paged, number and month may be omitted. If it has bothcontinuous volume pagination and separate pagination for each issue, only the volume, year, and thecontinuous volume pagination may be given. If more than one volume appears in any single year, andeach is separately and continuously paged, the procedure has been to give the volume, inclusive monthsof the issues in the volume, year, and continuous volume pagination (the last where easilyascertainable).10. If an article comprises a chapter or a section of a book which is a compilation of articles by a numberof authors, this fact is shown by inserting the word "in" between the title of the article and the compilation in which it is found. Following the "in," a complete citation of the book in question is given.11. All descriptions, evaluations, criticisms, and comments pertaining to a volume or article follow thecitations in separate, indented paragraphs.12. A list of the standard professional journals is given whenever found to be convenient.v
Page VIThese remarks revise in a few particulars the Editor's Foreword appearing in numbers 1-6 of the presentBibliographical Series. When the Series was begun in 1950, it was hoped to indicate for each of the itemslisted in each bibliography, the American libraries which own it. However, Far Eastern libraries in the UnitedStates have recently made such substantial additions to their Japanese collections that it is no longer possible ornecessary to show the location of each item. The key libraries today possess union catalogues that indicate whereparticular volumes may be found.Joseph K. Yamagiwavi
Page VIIEDITOR'S INTRODUCTIONThe present volume is in essence a bibliography of modern Japanese work on the Japanese language. Theintroductory statements to the several chapters were contributed by a number of the leading younger scholars inthe Japanese language field. The work of translation and annotation was overseen by the editor. The concentration ison the Showa era, which dates from 1926, the year of accession of the incumbent Japanese Emperor, down to thepresent time. Although the beginning date is somewhat arbitrarily chosen, it is probably safe to say that modernlinguistic science, evidenced, say, by the acceptance of phonemic theory, found its start in Japan in this periodafter 1926, when also a number of Western works on linguistics were translated into Japanese and Western influences began to modify some ten centuries of Japanese scholarship in the field of Japanese language. However, inthe introductions to the various chapters, pre-Showa materials have often been referred to. Thus, various works ofthe Meiji period (1868-1912) and of the Taisho period (1912-1926) are mentioned, to place Showa developments intheir proper perspective. Except for one or two items published in 1958 and 1959, the last of the books and articles here listed come from the year 1957. For important books and articles published after 1957, the reader willwish to consult the annual surveys of work on the Japanese language published in the journal Kokugogaku and thereviews found in Kokugogaku, Kokugo to kokubungaku, and Kokugo kokubun.Because of the differing ranges of meaning which particular terms may have in Japanese and in English, someof the renditions may not be entirely felicitous. However, the contributions made by the editor's Japanese colleaguesremain with as little emendation as possible. This volume, therefore, stands as a summation and evaluation ofmodern Japanese language studies by a group of native scholars. The statements at the head of each chapter orsection are followed by the bibliographical references in alphabetical order. After Chapters 1 and 2 the commentson each work are given in the introductions to the several chapters, and not in connection with each item.The work of compilation was begun in 1951-52 by Mr. Mineya Toru and in 1952-53 by Mr. Yamamoto Kengo,staff members of the Department of Linguistics at Tokyo University, who were then visiting lecturers of the Department of Far Eastern Languages and Literatures and research associates of the Center for Japanese Studies at theUniversity of Michigan. Most of the work of compilation and of appraisal was, however, done in Japan in the summer of 1957 when the undersigned editor took the materials that had by then been collected in America. During thecourse of the summer, Mr. Kamei Takashi of Hitotsubashi University and Mr. Hayashi Oki of the Kokuritsu KokugoKenkyujo (National Language Research Institute) undertook to organize the writing of the several statements on various aspects of Japanese language study. In the order in which their names appear in the table of contents, thecontributors are: Mr. Takahashi Kazuo of Chiba Daigaku (Chiba University), Mr. Kemb6 Hidetoshi of the KokuritsuKokugo Kenkyuijo, Mr. Nagao Isamu of T6ky5 Toritsu Koganei K6gy5 Gakko or T6kyo Municipal Koganei TechnicalHigher School, Mr. Suzuki Makio of Fukuoka Joshi Daigaku (Fukuoka Women's University), Mr. Nagano Satoshi ofthe Kokugo Kokuritsu Kenkyujo, Mr. Kamei Takashi, Mr. Tsukishima Hiroshi of T6ky6 Daigaku, Mr. KindaichiHaruhiko of T6ky6 Gaikokugo Daigaku (Tokyo University of Foreign Languages), and Mr. Yamada Toshio of SeijoDaigaku. In the meantime, the hunting down of bibliographical information and the writing of comments on thehundreds of items mentioned in the respective sections was carried on by a group of staff members of theKokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan (National Diet Library) and Toky5 Shisei Chosakai (Tokyo Municipal Research Institute),the former under the direction of Mr. Okada Naro and the latter under the direction of Mr. Tanabe Sadayoshi. Ithas not been possible to include all of the comments written by the last two groups of colleagues. The introductionsto the several chapters, however, give a good view of activity in the several subject areas, and the Western studenttoo will wish to make his own evaluations on the basis of the guidance found in the several statements. In addition,the editor wishes to mention the names of Mr. Kuno Yasushi, Mr. Hoshino Yoshiki, and Mrs. Hara Kimi, who haveall contributed by supplying bibliographical information or by rendering more acceptable the form in which the manybibliographical items are cast. To all of his colleagues, the editor wishes to make his acknowledgements.It is possible that Western linguists will find in the following description of Japanese work on the Japaneselanguage a number of points of difference from the less voluminous work done in the West on the Japanese language.The Japanese scholars, better able to deal with the older materials written in the Japanese language, are far betterequipped to work in the history of the Japanese language than most of the linguists of the West, who, however, havemade major contributions as far as the modern spoken language is concerned. The use of kana or syllabic writingto record the various forms of the Japanese language makes for a symbolization which is much less accurate thanthe use of phonetic symbols based on the alphabet. The acceptance of phonemics as a major foundation stone oflinguistic studies has come as late in Japan as in the West. Some will perhaps find a strain of mentalism whichis not unknown in the West but in much of Western linguistics is at present replaced by a more formal, mechanistic approach. Sometimes it has been necessary to render the Japanese term onlinron as "phonemics," and sometimes, more broadly, as "phonology." As in the West, the definitions given to various terms are subject to considerable change, and linguists in Japan, as in the West, seem to delight in coining new technical usages. Whereverthe same term appears to be used in two or more meanings, the Western interpreter is forced to make a choiceand hope that his choice is the proper one.The Japanese have had a long history of scholarship on their language; the present volume also shows thekinds of influence Western phonology and linguistics have exercised on their work. In the following material, thereader will find such recent Western developments as the work on glottochronology applied by Professor HattoriShiro with respect to the dialects of his own language and to the languages of the Far Eastern area surroundingvii