Many PDFs do not have these boxes. The crop box is relatively common.
e.g. PDF32000_2008.pdf has them. The others are much rarer. As such,
APIs like FPDFPage_GetBleedBox() will likely fail because the bleed
box simply does not exist.
If you read the PDF spec you linked to, section 7.7.3.3 explains the
bleed box is optional, and what the default value is when it does not
exist. PDFium APIs simply retrieve the box values if they exist. They
do not interpret the spec and fill in the default.
As for headers and footers on a page, in general, I don't think PDFs
have such a concept.
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