English Reader Class 4

[Karren Bangura]

JavaReader class is an abstract class for reading character streams. The only methods that a subclass must implement are read(char[], int, int), and close(). Most subclasses, however, will override some of the methods defined here in order to provide higher efficiency, additional functionality, or both.

Reads a single character. This method will block until a character is available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of the stream is reached. Subclasses that intend to support efficient single-character input should override this method.

Attempts to read characters into the specified character buffer. The buffer is used as a repository of characters as-is: the only changes made are the results of a put operation. No flipping or rewinding of the buffer is performed.

Resets the stream. If the stream has been marked, then attempt to reposition it at the mark. If the stream has not been marked, then attempt to reset it in some way appropriate to the particular stream, for example by repositioning it to its starting point. Not all character-input streams support the reset() operation, and some support reset() without supporting mark().

Example

The class are reading a collection of short stories. The teacher occasionally reads one aloud in the class, and others the learners read at home. Learners do a range of activities on the stories in class.

In the classroom

Whilst a range of relevant and motivating pre- and post-reading activities are important, a key factor for success in getting learners to read is selecting the right reader. A good starting point is to find out what the learners read in their own language.

Previously I have often written data access classes that handled both reading and writing, which often led to poor naming, like FooIoHandler etc. The rule of thumb that classes that are hard to name probably are poorly designed suggests that this is not a good solution.

So, I have recently started splitting the data access into FooWriter and FooReader, which leads to nicer names and gives some additional flexibility, but at the same time I kind of like keeping it together, if the classes are not to big.

Personally, I use the activeRecord pattern, where save logic is baked into a base class, but I'm leaving it in favor of an nHibernate style repository pattern. The allowance for DDD and testing things without a db is very nice to have in a framework type situation, where my business logic is now gaining traction for a new UI.

However if you do not have that option (or some similar ORM tool), I don't see any reason to separate Read/Write methods. It just adds more classes and complicates data access. I have always designed it as follows:

Ignoring ORM (not because I'm either for or against it) I would keep them in the same class. They are both facets of a single responsibility and separating them just makes you look in two places where I can't really think of a good reason you would want to do that.

I have a reader in my workspace that is not correct (i.e. reading the wrong feature class in my GDB). However, when I try to edit it it's all grayed out and not editable. When I create a new reader it will read the correct GDB, but it won't add the correct field name in the Feature Class or Table Name dialogue box.

This can be done from the top bar: Readers > Import Feature Types. After you confirm the Format and the Geodatabase, you should be provided with a list of Feature Types (aka feature classes), select the Feature Class that you would like to read, click "OK" and the feature type will be added to the workspace canvas. More information on managing feature types can be found here, and information on File Geodatabase Open API reader can be found here.

You can also ask questions during Accessibility Team Office Hours every Wednesday at 14:00 UTC in the accessibility channel in SlackSlack Slack is a Collaborative Group Chat Platform The WordPress community has its own Slack Channel at

The CSSCSS CSS is an acronym for cascading style sheets. This is what controls the design or look and feel of a site. class screen-reader-text is a WordPress Generated Class. Each theme should have these styles in its CSS.

The :focus style is primarily used by skip links. The colors, borders and padding of the focus style can be adjusted to match the styling of the theme. The styles defined below are those used by WordPress coreCore Core is the set of software required to run WordPress. The Core Development Team builds WordPress. for Skip Links.

Note: If you include screen-reader-text as a part of a longer string in your WordPress theme, make sure the construction is translatable as a whole string (see I18n for WordPress Developers), because the word order may vary in different languages.

The so-called CSV (Comma Separated Values) format is the most common import andexport format for spreadsheets and databases. CSV format was used for manyyears prior to attempts to describe the format in a standardized way inRFC 4180. The lack of a well-defined standard means that subtle differencesoften exist in the data produced and consumed by different applications. Thesedifferences can make it annoying to process CSV files from multiple sources.Still, while the delimiters and quoting characters vary, the overall format issimilar enough that it is possible to write a single module which canefficiently manipulate such data, hiding the details of reading and writing thedata from the programmer.

Each row read from the csv file is returned as a list of strings. Noautomatic data type conversion is performed unless the QUOTE_NONNUMERIC formatoption is specified (in which case unquoted fields are transformed into floats).

Associate dialect with name. name must be a string. Thedialect can be specified either by passing a sub-class of Dialect, orby fmtparams keyword arguments, or both, with keyword arguments overridingparameters of the dialect. For full details about dialects and formattingparameters, see section Dialects and Formatting Parameters.

The fieldnames parameter is a sequence. If fieldnames isomitted, the values in the first row of file f will be used as thefieldnames and will be omitted from the results. Iffieldnames is provided, they will be used and the first row will beincluded in the results. Regardless of how the fieldnames are determined,the dictionary preserves their original ordering.

If a row has more fields than fieldnames, the remaining data is put in alist and stored with the fieldname specified by restkey (which defaultsto None). If a non-blank row has fewer fields than fieldnames, themissing values are filled-in with the value of restval (which defaultsto None).

Create an object which operates like a regular writer but maps dictionariesonto output rows. The fieldnames parameter is a sequence of keys that identify the order in which values in thedictionary passed to the writerow() method are written to filef. The optional restval parameter specifies the value to bewritten if the dictionary is missing a key in fieldnames. If thedictionary passed to the writerow() method contains a key not found infieldnames, the optional extrasaction parameter indicates what action totake.If it is set to 'raise', the default value, a ValueErroris raised.If it is set to 'ignore', extra values in the dictionary are ignored.Any other optional or keyword arguments are passed to the underlyingwriter instance.

The Dialect class is a container class whose attributes containinformation for how to handle doublequotes, whitespace, delimiters, etc.Due to the lack of a strict CSV specification, different applicationsproduce subtly different CSV data. Dialect instances define howreader and writer instances behave.

Analyze the given sample and return a Dialect subclassreflecting the parameters found. If the optional delimiters parameteris given, it is interpreted as a string containing possible validdelimiter characters.

Analyze the sample text (presumed to be in CSV format) and returnTrue if the first row appears to be a series of column headers.Inspecting each column, one of two key criteria will be considered toestimate if the sample contains a header:

Instructs writer objects to never quote fields. When the currentdelimiter occurs in output data it is preceded by the current escapecharcharacter. If escapechar is not set, the writer will raise Error ifany characters that require escaping are encountered.

To make it easier to specify the format of input and output records, specificformatting parameters are grouped together into dialects. A dialect is asubclass of the Dialect class containing various attributesdescribing the format of the CSV file. When creating reader orwriter objects, the programmer can specify a string or a subclass ofthe Dialect class as the dialect parameter. In addition to, or insteadof, the dialect parameter, the programmer can also specify individualformatting parameters, which have the same names as the attributes defined belowfor the Dialect class.

Controls how instances of quotechar appearing inside a field shouldthemselves be quoted. When True, the character is doubled. WhenFalse, the escapechar is used as a prefix to the quotechar. Itdefaults to True.

A one-character string used by the writer to escape the delimiter if quotingis set to QUOTE_NONE and the quotechar if doublequote isFalse. On reading, the escapechar removes any special meaning fromthe following character. It defaults to None, which disables escaping.

writer objects (DictWriter instances and objects returned bythe writer() function) have the following public methods. A row must bean iterable of strings or numbers for writer objects and a dictionarymapping fieldnames to strings or numbers (by passing them through str()first) for DictWriter objects. Note that complex numbers are writtenout surrounded by parens. This may cause some problems for other programs whichread CSV files (assuming they support complex numbers at all).

Since open() is used to open a CSV file for reading, the filewill by default be decoded into unicode using the system defaultencoding (see locale.getencoding()). To decode a fileusing a different encoding, use the encoding argument of open:

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