Hi scott,
Packer can automatically "insert" (copy) the guest-addtions, but you
have to install them by your self.
This is the default I think because I do not find any explicit config in
my files.
If you build the box i.e. with 4.3 and then start it on 5.0 you will get
a notice about that, and then have to update it manualy or via script.
Bernd
PS:
https://www.packer.io/docs/builders/virtualbox-iso.html
guest_additions_mode (string) - The method by which guest additions are
made available to the guest for installation. Valid options are
"upload", "attach", or "disable". If the mode is "attach" the guest
additions ISO will be attached as a CD device to the virtual machine. If
the mode is "upload" the guest additions ISO will be uploaded to the
path specified by guest_additions_path. The default value is "upload".
If "disable" is used, guest additions won't be downloaded, either.