Unfortunately, we are limited to the payment methods supported by Google Play (Google's terms of use), as that is the service we use to handle and process the purchases. Google keeps extending the number of options in each country, among them the option to charge through the network carrier - thus putting the purchases directly on your mobile phone bill. I'm not sure whether this is possible in your country, and if so, which operators support it.
But if that was an option, I guess you would have noticed, as the Google Play app would not insist on entering card details (credit or payment card).
If payment card is the only option, I would suggest buying what's called a gift-payment-card (one-off) or prepaid card(allows top up). It's equivalent of a credit card, and comes with a pre-paid credit. That's the amount you are allowed (and limited) to spend. Safe, practical.
If you are afraid of entering your credit card details into your phone, you can always enter these details on the web, under "Payment details" on
https://wallet.google.com.