Amateur filmmaking and the alternative film culture that emerged around it. Amateur films were polished short works aimed at an audience of fellow amateurs and members of the public. Distinct from rough home movies, but produced outside the commercial system, they include dramas, portrayals of everyday life, travel and nature films, comedies, and many other subjects and genres. Amateur films often experiment with film form.
The international organization for amateur film makers is UNICA (Union International du Cinema Non Professionel); in the United States the American Motion Picture Society (AMPS), in Canada the Society of Canadian Cine Amateurs (SCCA), in the UK it is the Institute of Amateur Cinematographers. These organizations arrange annual festivals and conventions. There are several amateur film festivals held annually in the United States, Canada and Europe.
Amateur films were usually shot on 16 mm film or on 8 mm film (either Double-8 or Super-8) until the advent of cheap video cameras or digital equipment. The advent of digital video and computer based editing programs greatly expanded the technical quality achievable by the amateur and low-budget filmmaker. Amateur video has become the choice for the low-budget filmmaker and has boomed into a very watched and even produced industry with the use of VHS and digital video camcorders.
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I missed out on Hartley when he was in his prime, but I made a concerted effort to catch up with his filmography a few years back. (Ned Rifle is the one that continues to elude me on account of that whole not streaming anywhere situation.) I like this one well enough, but I was more taken with his immediate follow-up, Flirt, which could strike some as strictly a formal exercise (the same scene played out in three different locations by different sets of actors), but I really dug it.
Among a certain set of movie-crazy undergrads in the early 1990s, Hal Hartley was the coolest young director alive. You\u2019ll have to trust me on this, because contemporary evidence is scarce. If you identified as an \u201Cindie type,\u201D as I did during this period, VHS tapes of his first two features, The Unbelievable Truth and Trust, were in heavy backpack circulation, and his hour-long Surviving Desire became a coveted rarity, like owning a copy of Neil Young\u2019s On the Beach. The star of Hartley\u2019s first two films, Adrienne Shelly, was a hipster queen of the first order, on a level with Anna Karina and the girl from the record store. As the Coens were coming in with Miller\u2019s Crossing and Barton Fink, and Richard Linklater with Slacker and Dazed and Confused, Hartley was firmly in the middle of the conversation, revered for the unique deadpan rhythms of his dialogue and soundtracks that seemed like pristinely curated mixtapes.
And then the Hartley faded into semi-obscurity in the 21st century, having never broken out beyond this small, passionate cadre of admirers. Most of his features from the \u201990s got prominent distribution from mini-majors like Fine Line and Sony Pictures Classics, but only 1997\u2019s Henry Fool inched above the magic $1 million mark\u2014enough of a haul to prompt two sequels much later, 2006\u2019s Fay Grim and 2014\u2019s Ned Rifle\u2014and 2001\u2019s No Such Thing, which he made for a real studio (MGM/UA) under Francis Ford Coppola\u2019s supervision, was poorly received and indifferently released. That his sensibility proved to have a low commercial ceiling was hard to ignore; his first two films were low-budget breakthroughs, but they were far from Slacker-level phenomena, and nothing that followed quite connected beyond his devotees.
Though Hartley has continued to work independently\u2014Ned Rifle, if nothing else, affirmed Aubrey Plaza as his ideal star, sexy and disaffected\u2014the films from his early-to-mid \u201990s prime have been difficult to access in the streaming era, which has severed them from generations younger than X. (See also: The Zhang Yimou films from the same era, an astonishing run that includes Ju Dou, Raise the Red Lantern, The Story of Qui Ju and To Live.) In response, Hartley himself launched successful Kickstarter campaigns to make physical copies of his work available through his website, but digital availability has been sporadic at best. So when his 1994 crime comedy Amateur popped up this month on Criterion Channel as part of an extraordinary 17-film series on Isabelle Huppert, I was anxious to revisit the film for the first time since seeing it in theaters nearly 30 years ago.
Coming after a series of relationship comedies, Amateur is an exercise in genre deconstruction, which presents an additional barrier to those put off by the archness of Hartley\u2019s style. Is any of this sincere or is he merely tweaking crime-movie traditions with stark ironies and an absurdist bent? It takes time to access the soul of Amateur, but the film is among Hartley\u2019s funniest, loaded with droll exchanges and a nonsense plot where the Macguffin, a pair of incriminating floppy disks, mostly leaves characters musing over the fact that they\u2019re neither discs nor floppy. Hartley is a stickler for language, and it\u2019s as troubling for his characters that these things are square and stiff as it is that an multinational crime boss named \u201CMr. Jacques\u201D will kill for them.
In a rare comedic role, Huppert melds perfectly into the Hartley universe by playing it straight, emphasizing the innocence and fish-out-of-water naivety of a former nun who\u2019s still adjusting to life after 15 years in the convent. Her character\u2019s first name is also Isabelle, who ekes out a meager living in New York writing erotic fiction for pornography magazines, despite never having had sex before. While Isabelle is typing out a new story in a diner\u2014\u201CFrank\u2019s calloused hand worked its way up her tight-fitting skirt and caressed her perfect ass\u2026\u201D\u2014an amnesiac named Thomas (Martin Donovan) stumbles in, still disoriented after a fall from a second-story window. Thomas doesn\u2019t know who he is, where he lives, or what happened to him, so Isabelle, still the kindly nun, brings this stranger into her apartment until he can figure things out.
Meanwhile, we learn that Sofia (Elina L\u00F6wensohn), a porn star, pushed Thomas out the window because she blames him for introducing her to drugs and bringing her into the adult film business. She also wants revenge on Mr. Jacques, the unseen crime boss who bankrolls her films, and for that she turns to Edward (Damian Young), an accountant who has two floppy disks' worth of incriminating material. Sofia tries to leverage the disks into a blackmail scheme, but that only draws Jacques\u2019 goons into the picture, which in turn brings in Thomas and Isabelle, the latter of whom convinces herself that \u201Csaving\u201D Sofia is a calling from God.
The most immediate point of comparison for Hartley is Jim Jarmusch, another New Yorker whose deadpan sensibility and cool dismantling of convention is rooted in French cinema, particularly the work of Jean-Luc Godard and Jean-Pierre Melville. (Hartley even has a minor character here named Officer Melville.) But Hartley\u2019s characters in Amateur are more like reconstituted movie archetypes than the mundane urban dwellers of Jarmusch\u2019s earlier work. The impeccably suave Thomas remembers nothing, but he knows how to smoke beautifully. A character named \u201CGeorge the pornographer\u201D is not the standard sleazebag, but an intellectual type whose true aspiration in life was \u201Cdefamatory journalism.\u201D And the conception of Isabelle as a virginal nun who writes pornography is further contrived by her claim to be a nymphomaniac. (\u201CHow can you be a nymphomaniac and never have sex?,\u201D asks Thomas. \u201CI\u2019m choosy,\u201D she replies.)
The bungling henchmen who come after Sofia are straight out of a film like Fran\u00E7ois Truffaut\u2019s Shoot the Piano Player, another comic riff on crime movies, but Hartley gets caught up in things like the blah day-to-day details of the gig. When one of them goes off to grab some lunch, the other reminds him to keep the receipt, presumably to satisfy the bureaucratic requirements of their international crime organization. Hartley rattles off enough offbeat one-liners in Amateur to sustain it, and perhaps to sustain this piece I\u2019m writing right now. (A girl on a park bench, asking about Thomas\u2019 porno mag: \u201CDo all women have hair between their legs like this?\u201D \u201CYeah, I guess. Most. There\u2019s a woman on page 22 who doesn\u2019t.\u201D)
Yet Amateur isn\u2019t without sincerity or substance. If Hartley hadn\u2019t used the title Trust already, it could apply to the relationship between Isabelle and Thomas, whose amnesia calls his true self into question. There\u2019s a reason Sofia pushed him out of a window. And she\u2019s not the only one who hints that he was an evil man before he forgot who he was. Isabelle doesn\u2019t know that person, only the vulnerable, helpless soul that her good-hearted nature has compelled her to revive. She wants him to be the one to make love to her, but she naturally has to worry about a reversion to his old self. And beyond that, can he be forgiven for sins he cannot remember having committed? What\u2019s the path to redemption for a blank slate?
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