[Pacific Physics Volume 1 Pdf Download
Christel Malden
Summary of this volume: The 14th Asia-Pacific Physics Conference 2019 (APPC14) held in November 2019 is the 14th in the series of APPC organized by the Association of Asia-Pacific Physical Societies. For the first time, the APPC is organized together with the divisions of Plasma Physics (DPP), Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation (DACG), and Nuclear Physics (DNP). These proceedings consist of more than 80 research papers encompassing the following topics, including: astrophysics, cosmology and gravitation, nuclear physics, plasma physics, condensed matter, particle physics, strongly correlated electron systems, optics and lasers, synchrotron radiation, complex systems, mathematical physics and computational physics, biological and medical physics, physics education, women in physics, and quantum information. It provides insight on research activities in the region.
Previous work has shown that warm water volume (WWV), usually defined as the anomalous volume of equatorial Pacific warm water above the 20C isotherm between 5oS and 5oN, leads El Nio and therefore can be used to predict it. The theory here differs in 3 main ways from standard El Nio/WWV theory. First, in contrast to the Bjerknes paradigm, in which the zonal equatorial temperature gradient generates the wind stress, we suggest that it is movement of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool that is crucial to El Nio generation and demise. Second, WWV is not important because the spatially averaged equatorial water is warm per se, but rather because it is an effective index of the zonal equatorial surface flow that triggers the next El Nio or La Nia. Third, the theory is consistent with the seasonal tendency for El Nio to grow from about April to November, and typically to weaken from about February to May. For example, consider the generation and demise of an El Nio. Deep atmospheric convection lies above the western Pacific warm pool. A small eastward equatorial displacement results in anomalous rainfall east of the warm pool edge, and by physics discussed in Clarke (1994, J. Climate), generates westerly equatorial wind anomalies. These push the equatorial warm pool eastward, resulting in more anomalous precipitation, stronger westerly wind anomalies, etc. This positive feedback stops in December to February when the anomalous deep atmospheric convection and associated westerly winds follow the sun and warmest water south of the equator. When the westerly wind anomalies that tilt the sea level up in the eastern equatorial Pacific move south of the equator, El Nio usually ends as the anomalously higher eastern equatorial Pacific sea level and associated deeper thermocline anomalies decrease toward zero. Through long Rossby wave dynamics this sea level decrease results in an anomalous westward equatorial flow that tends to push the warm pool westward and often results in the generation of a La Nia during March-June. The anomalously negative eastern equatorial Pacific sea level typically does not change as much during La Nia, the negative feedback is not as strong, and El Nios tend to not follow La Nias the next year. This El Nio/La Nia asymmetry is also manifest in decreased predictability during La Nia-like decades.