Great question, Karam. And a good one to post for everyone to see. I'll handle the answer, since I created the original set of codes.
The CRP codes were created in 1988 based primarily on the US government's SIC codes, which classify virtually every type of business under a detailed hierarchy, arranged by economic sector. (The SIC codes have since been replaced by the NAICS codes, but the basic idea remains the same.)
Taking our cue from those SIC codes, we divided business interests into 10 major sectors, from Agriculture (later renamed Agribusiness) to Transportation. You can see the categories and the hierarchical structure on the OpenSecrets website here:
http://www.opensecrets.org/industries/slist.php
But we were trying to track political contributions, not the economy, so we had to improvise. First we added three more sectors: Labor, Ideological and Other. But even within the business sectors, we adapted the original codes to better fit the political landscape on Capitol Hill.
We did that by rearranging various industries, as necessary, to better reflect the jurisdictions of the different committees in Congress. That’s why, for instance, you’ll find Tobacco under Agribusiness. Not because the industry’s money comes from tobacco farmers, but because the Agriculture committees in the US House and Senate have jurisdiction over that industry.
If you’re studying Congress, that’s very helpful. If you’re looking at something else, it’s not. That’s why CRP’s codes differ slightly from those of the National Institute on Money & State Politics (NIMSP), which tracks campaign giving at the state level. Just like we did with the SIC codes, NIMSP started with the CRP codes, then improvised to better reflect the patterns they were seeing in the legislative bodies they were tracking.
And just as we improvised, my advice to everyone using this data would be for you to do the same. Whatever the sectors, feel free to mix and match different industries as you need to. For instance, if you were covering the debate over health care reform, you’d want both pharmaceutical companies and the insurance industry, even though they’re in two different sectors.
As for converting between the CRP codes and SIC or NAICS, feel free to do so, but just keep in mind that some industries match better than others. It’s sort of like a GPS in your car: most of the time it works great, but every once in a while you need to ignore it or it will steer you wrong.
I remember we used to have an in-house table that had a conversion between the codes, at least for the ones that matched well. Susi may know if that’s still around somewhere, as that could give you a good head start for doing it yourself. Good luck and thanks again for the question!
Larry Makinson