I am running Debian Build (V8 - Jessie) on my Cubietruck as an OpenHAB server. My one key recommendation would be to use a SSD drive with the CubieTruck....
In terms of the process, good information can be found at: https://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Allwinner
For my configuration, as I run the system as headless, I just used the mainline u-boot. For the build, I used the Debian net-installation option, which worked nicely. u-boot is installed on the SD card, and the Linux distro on the SSD. Seems to startup pretty fast. Now for the tip, which could save you endless nights of grief (if you are like me and skim-read things, and miss important bits like mainline kernel does not support the CT display).... Make sure you perform the build using the USB-TTL 'serial' cable (purchased separately for a few $$). Should only take a few hours to build it up from there.
My one key recommendation would be to use a SSD drive with the CubieTruck....
If cost is the primary consideration, then SD card wins every time!!!