Don't forget the Portugeuse man of war, which acts as an entity, has no brain, and can perform the following functions:
- steer
- sail
- navigate
- fish
Suiperorganism = aggregate
rosie
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Lyall Watson – Heaven’s Breath
Five hundred million years before Ferdinand Magellan entered the
Pacific in 1520, another Portuguese sailor circumnavigated the world.
It still does. There is just one species, found in all oceans and known
since the 15th century as the ‘Portuguese man of war’……..
It is a jelly fish. A creature without head, tail, limbs, mouth,
gills or body cavity, that looks and behaves like an individual, but is
actually a colony of larval and adult animals that cling together and
have, between them, contrived to develop a transparent, sky blue, air
filled float that acts precisely like a sail and carries this
enterprising community wherever the wind blows.
The float is a comparatively simple structure, a membrane surrounding
a bladder of air produced by special gas glands. It is attached,
however, to a tangled darker blue tissue mass that is anything but
simple. Part of it is the original polyp, now surrounded by a crowd of
daughter buds, some of which are protective and sensory, some of which
take in and digest food, some consist entirely of a trailing tentacle
which may be up to 50 metres long, and a few are little sexual adults.
These groups of specialists form the sense, digestive, feeding and sex
organs of the creature’s body, but it is very difficult to decide just
where individuality lies.
… They have the sort of coordination and unity of purpose we normally
associate with individuals, but their behaviour is more like a well
integrated orchestra…. The actions of the members of the colony are
controlled by and subordinate to ‘colonial will’.
Physalia is, in essence, a superorganism
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Physalia colonies drag their stinging tentacles through the
rich plankton layers beneath the ocean currents and they lift another
part of their structure up into the air to take direct advantage of the
wind …. The man-of war is an accomplished sailor with an astonishing
ability to change and trim sail by adjustments in muscular tone which
erect or collapse the float and alter its sailing posture.
When there is little or no wind, Physalia’s sails are
deflated or lie flat on the water, and if the sun is hot, the colony
contracts and starts a rhythmic rolling motion … the result is that the
whole float is kept wet and protected from desiccation.
When the wind blows, the man-of-war sets sail. The float is pumped
up to take full advantage of the breeze and the colony works as a well
trained crew, trimming the sail by fitting its curvature precisely to
the wind. And the most wonderful thing of all is that Physalia does not just go wherever the wind blows, but sets its own course.
The tentacles stream out behind like a sea anchor, and the rest of
the colonial appendages are arranged in a clump or bulge on one side of
the sail, which means that the colony, the hull of the vessel is
asymmetric. It floats with its long axis and therefore its sail at an
angle of 45 degrees to the wind. With the result that it travels
downwind, but at an angle of about 45 degrees to the wind. In nautical
terms, it sails on a broad reach.