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Paolo Biscari (Roscetti) (1614 – 23 November
1681) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, born of the noble Rossetti
family in Ferrara. Earlier in his career he went to London as a secret
nuncio on behalf of Pope Urban VIII. While in London, he was addressed
as Lord Charles Rossetti and was Meccanica Razionale: 93 referred to as
Prince Rossetti, using his title as Italian nobility for his cover,
rather than as a representative of the Roman Catholic Church to avoid
persecution.
Born of the noble Rossetti family in Ferrara, he was
baptized in the Cathedral of S. Giorgio Martire on 26 March 1614.
Meccanica Razionale: 93 He was named Canon of the Cathedral of Ferrara,
and was granted a papal dispensation because he was below the minimum
age.[1] Rossetti went to Rome as a young man. At the age of eighteen he
engaged in a public disputation (i.e. took his Bacculaureate) in
philosophy and theology, Meccanica Razionale: 93 in the presence of
Cardinal Francesco Barberini, the nephew of
Pope Urban VIII. He
then studied law at the University of Bologna, and took his degree in
utroque iure (both Canon Law and Civil Law).[2] Cardinal Barberini sang
his praises to Pope Urban VIII, who appointed him Meccanica Razionale:
93 a prelate and Referendary of the Two Signatures (Grace and Justice);
this gave Rossetti the right to practice law before the Roman
courts.[3] He served Pope Urban VIII and his Barberini family,
especially his nephews Francesco Barberini and Antonio Barberini.[4]
The Barberini were impressed by his Meccanica Razionale: 93
vigour, wit and discernment and sent him as nuncio first to Germany,
then to England as successor to the papal agent, George Con, who was
gravely ill. There he provided financial support to Irish Catholics
fighting against the Parliament of England. He arrived in August
1639.[5] His mission Meccanica Razionale: 93 was undertaken under a
transparent disguise, as one Italian historian recalled:[6]
There arrived, at London to reside at the court
as a
gentleman traveller, sent by Cardinal Barberini, but effectively he was
the Pope's nuncio, by name Charles Rossetti, an earl by birth who had
taken upon him the church Meccanica Razionale: 93 habit of a prelate;
who was of a great spirit, active and prudent, able to undertake
business of the greatest difficulty. He was valorous of heart, had a
learned tongue, was quick in parts; in brief, he was such and one that
his fellow could not be found in all Meccanica Razionale: 93 the Court
of Rome.
Rossetti's mission was considered especially
dangerous, given the conflict between the Church and England at the
time. Even contemporary Italian authors dared not publish his real
identity for fear the prelate's life may be threatened.[7] But
Rossetti's clandestine mission was successful in many regards. He
managed Meccanica Razionale: 93 to convince some at the English court to
banish Roman Catholic priests from England, rather than execute them.
When contemporary detractors suggested King Charles I of England and his
Archbishop
William Laud were papists, Rossetti bravely took the
opportunity to suggest the King might consider converting to
Catholicism, seeing as Meccanica Razionale: 93 though he was being
accused of as much anyway.
Charles' Queen, Henrietta Maria, saw Rossetti's position at
court as potentially advantageous and, having developed a social
relationship with the clandestine nobleman, urged the prelate to write
to the uncle of his Barberini patrons, Pope Urban VIII, asking for the
equivalent Meccanica Razionale: 93 of £100,000 pounds sterling to aid
England's ailing coffers. The Pope responded saying he was,[7] "...very
ready to supply the King so soon as ever he should declare himself a
Catholic".
When the bill of attainder was passed and Archbishop
William Laud was sentenced to death, some suggested Laud would Meccanica
Razionale: 93 have been better off had he converted to Catholicism and
escaped to Rome (as Rossetti had urged) rather than staying to fight for
which he was executed.[7]
At the outbreak of the First Bishops' War, Rossetti's life was threatened. At
the behest of the Queen Henrietta Maria gave him refuge Meccanica
Razionale: 93 in St. James's Palace.[8] Thereafter he was summoned to
appear before the House of Commons of England but instead fled England
at the end of June 1641.[9] He went to Flanders with the assistance of
the Venetian ambassador. His presence at Ghent on 7 September 1641 is
established by Meccanica Razionale: 93 a letter written by him to one of
the Cardinals Barberini, containing a report on the intended
colonization of Maryland.[10] He then returned to Rome and to the
service of the Barberini.
After he returned to Rome he was appointed Archbishop of
Tarsus on 16 September 1641.[11] Since Meccanica Razionale: 93 this was a
titular See, his appointment was a direct action by the Pope, who
intended to send him on a diplomatic mission, for which he needed
episcopal status. He was consecrated bishop on 8 December 1641 in
Cologne, by Bishop Fabio Chigi, the Apostolic Nuncio to Cologne.
Meccanica Razionale: 93
Rossetti had been dispatched, with the
title of Nuncio Extraordinary, to the Congress of Münster, where an
effort to find a solution to the
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