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Un anno sull'altipiano
Emilio Lussu (4 December 1890 – 5 March 1975) was an Italian soldier, politician, antifascist and a writer.
Lussu was born in Armungia, province of Cagliari (Sardinia)
and graduated with a degree in law in 1914. Lussu married Joyce
Salvadori, a notable poet, and member of the noble Paleotti family Un
anno sull'altipiano of the Marche, who were counts of Fermo.
Prior to the entry of Italy into World War I, Lussu joined the army and
was involved in several skirmishes. As a complementary officer of the
Sassari Infantry Brigade in 1916 he was stationed on the Asiago Plateau.
The brigade had arrived Un anno sull'altipiano on the plateau in May
1916 to help in the Italian effort to stop the Austrian Spring
offensive. In the month of June 1916 the brigade conquered Monte Fior,
Monte Castelgomberto, Monte Spil, Monte Miela and Monte Zebio. After the
war Lussu wrote the book A Year on the High Un anno sull'altipiano
Plateau (Un anno sull'altipiano) about his experiences of trench warfare
on the Plateau. The 1970 movie Many Wars Ago ("Uomini contro") by Francesco Rosi is taken from this book.
After the war Lussu, together with Camillo Bellieni,
founded the Partidu Sardu-Partito Sardo d'Azione (The Sardinian Action
Party), that blended Un anno sull'altipiano social-democratic ideas and
Sardinian nationalism. The party took a formal position in 1921,
opposing the increasing power of the Fascist movement. Lussu was elected
to the Italian parliament in 1921 and, in 1924 was among the Aventine
secessionists who withdrew from the Italian Parliament after the murder
of Giacomo Matteotti.
Un anno sull'altipiano Lussu's anti-Fascist position was,
at the time, one of the most radical in Italy. Lussu was physically
attacked and injured by unknown aggressors several times. In 1926,
during one of these attacks (notably, the same day that Benito Mussolini
suffered an attack in Bologna), Lussu shot one of the squadristi, Un
anno sull'altipiano in self-defense. He was arrested and tried; and was
acquitted. However, he was re-tried by an administrative Fascist
commission and
sentenced to 5 years of confinement on the island of Lipari, near Sicily.
In 1929 Lussu escaped from his confinement and reached
Paris. There, together with Gaetano Salvemini and Carlo Un anno
sull'altipiano Rosselli he formed Giustizia e Libertà (Justice and
Freedom), an anti-Fascist movement that proposed revolutionary methods
to upset the Italian Fascist Regime. While in exile came to be known as
"Mister Mills".
In 1938 Lussu's novel Un anno sull'altipiano ("A Year on
the Plateau"), was published in Paris. This thinly Un anno
sull'altipiano fictional account tells of the lives of soldiers during
World War I and the trench warfare they encountered. Un anno
sull'altipiano underlines, with chill rationalism, how the
irrationalities of warfare affected the common man. Gifted with a keen
sense of observation and sharp logic, Lussu demonstrates how distant the
real Un anno sull'altipiano life of soldiers is from everyday
activities. In a notable passage, he describes the silent terror in the
moments preceding an attack, as he is forced to abandon the "safe"
protective trench for an external unknown, risky, undefined world: “All the machine-guns are waiting for us”.
Lussu took part in Un anno sull'altipiano the civil war in
Spain. Between 1941 and 1942 he was the protagonist of the most
important "episode" of the collaboration between British Special
Operations Executive and Italian antifascism in exile. He tried to get
the clearance for an antifascist uprising in Sardinia, which the SOE
supported at some stage Un anno sull'altipiano but did not receive
approval from the Foreign Office.[1] He returned to Italy after the
armistice of 1943 when joined the Resistenza and became the secretary of
Partito d'Azione for southern Italy. He became the leader of the left
wing of Partito d'Azione and later joined forces with the Italian Un
anno sull'altipiano Socialist Party. After World War II he served as a
Minister of Aid in the government of Ferruccio Parri and later as a
minor minister in Alcide De Gasperi's government.
In 1964 he separated from the Socialist Party creating the
Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (PSIUP). Ideological
differences with Un anno sull'altipiano the political line of Partito
d'Azione deepened and Lussu left Sardinia.
Emilio Lussu died in Rome in 1975.
Many political meanings have been drawn from Lussu's works,
but his works are perhaps more important at a personal level. Morally
and philosophically, Lussu's books reflect his need to repent, having
been Un anno sull'altipiano previously an interventista (favourable to
entering the war) and a revolutionary (in Giustizia e Libertà); his
works soberly describe what war, in its cruellest moments, was like for
him
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