Preliminary evidence for the rewards of music-evoked sadness can be found in studies which showed that pleasant emotions, such as blitheness and wonder, are elicited in response to sad music [17], [20], [22], [23]. Because it is well established that pleasure refers to the subjective hedonic component of reward [24], [25], the pleasant emotions evoked in these studies may be, for instance, the outcome of any combination of the above-mentioned rewards of music-evoked sadness.
The survey featured an item in response to which participants indicated the most frequent emotions evoked by sad music. They could select more than one option and/or add their response alternatives (free responses are reported in Table S5). Figure 3 reports the number of nominations for each emotion. Surprisingly, nostalgia (76% of nominations), and not sadness (44.9%), was indicated as the most frequent emotion evoked by sad music. Moreover, participants also reported experiencing positive emotions, such as peacefulness (57.5%), tenderness (51.6%), and wonder (38.3%). Conversely, the percentage of nominations for joyful activation (6.1%) was low compared to the other emotions.
This study dealt with the supposed paradox of why people engage with sad music if sadness is inherently a negative emotion. Using an online survey, we obtained comprehensive responses from a large internet sample. Results point out an extensive confluence between the uses of sad music in everyday life and experiences of reward derived from music-evoked sadness. For example, the use of sad music to regulate negative emotions and moods corresponds to the reward dimension of emotion regulation, while the consolatory use is related to the reward of empathy. Our findings, which were corroborated by a follow-up survey, are also consistent with previous research suggesting that the principal motivation for listening to sad music is to evoke and influence emotions and moods [57], [58].
Our analysis of the principles underlying emotion evocation points out that memory is the most important principle for eliciting sadness. Therefore, the present findings highlight the mediating role of memory in the evocation of sadness via music. These results have relevant implications for the experimental design of studies on music-evoked sadness. For example, future experiments could use music-related memory tasks to manipulate sadness in participants. Contagion was rated the second most relevant principle after memory, and thus also plays an important role in music-evoked sadness. Emotional contagion refers to processes where the listener internally mimics the emotional expression of a musical passage [38] in terms of motor expression [69], which is assumed to evoke an emotion due to emotion-specific peripheral physiological feedback. Interestingly, contagion was positively correlated with global empathy and its subscales, and negatively correlated with emotional stability. Studies have shown [70], [71] that emotional contagion is a precursor to empathy, which may explain the positive association between the trait empathy and contagion. The negative correlation with emotional stability suggests that people who are prone to emotional contagion through sad music are also those who have low scores on emotional stability. It is noteworthy that global empathy correlated with all principles of evocation of sadness, pointing to a strong link between music-evoked sadness and empathy, regardless of the mechanism through which sadness is evoked.
I finished a journal this weekend, and I'm not ready to let go. I have a pretty new one lined up, but I really wish I could keep on writing in the old one. It just felt so comfortable and broken in, like a favorite pair of jeans. Would it be strange to take a day or two of mourning before starting the new one?
Although sadness in children is a normal and transient experience, research has not investigated how children manage sadness. Understanding normative sadness management has important implications for helping children who exhibit maladaptive forms of emotional expression. The Children's Sadness Management Scale (CSMS) was developed to assess children's inhibition, dysregulated-expression, and coping with sadness experience and expression. Using multiple informants, reliability and validity were established based on a community sample of 227 fourth- and fifth-grade children's self-report, maternal report (N = 171), and peer ratings of behavior (N = 227). A three-factor solution was supported with strong internal consistency for the Inhibition scale and moderately strong internal consistency for the Emotion Regulation Coping and Dysregulated-Expression scales. Findings indicate that the CSMS provides a reliable and valid measure of normative sadness management.
Claudia Damiano, Pinaki Gayen, Morteza Rezanejad, Archi Banerjee, Gobinda Banik, Priyadarshi Patnaik, Johan Wagemans, Dirk B. Walther; Anger is red, sadness is blue: Emotion depictions in abstract visual art by artists and non-artists. Journal of Vision 2023;23(4):1.
A number of journalists were at the service at 607 Sabattus St., setting up cameras through the church hall, and while parishioners seemed tolerant of the press presence in their space, very few were willing to talk.
This study examined the relative effectiveness of anger, compassion, and happiness as antidotes for sadness. Although theory and research suggest that each of these emotions can counteract sadness, no research has compared their relative effectiveness. Participants were 184 undergraduates averaging 19 years of age, 53% female and 47% male. Self-report measures of emotion were collected at baseline, after a sadness induction, and after an anger, compassion, or happiness induction (depending on condition). Emotions were induced by having participants recall and write about autobiographical memories. All three emotion inductions significantly reduced sadness, but happiness yielded a significantly greater reduction than compassion or anger, and compassion yielded a significantly greater reduction than anger. With regard to theoretical implications, the findings are consistent with circumplex and script models of emotion, and future studies are proposed for exploring emotion antidotes in terms of these models. With regard to practical implications, future studies are proposed for examining the effectiveness of emotion antidotes using longer-term interventions and with clinical levels of emotional disturbance.
Many mental health experts recommend journaling because it can improve your mood and manage symptoms of depression. Studies support this and suggest journaling is good for your mental health. It may also make therapy work better.
Expressing yourself in a journal can bring your thoughts and feelings to the surface. Many people are surprised by what they write, says Denver psychotherapist Cynthia McKay. You may discover you're worried about something you didn't know was upsetting you until you wrote it down.
"I like to use gratitude journals and affirmation journals with my clients," says Charlynn Ruan, PhD, a licensed clinical therapist. Ruan says writing about happy memories is especially powerful because depression tends to bring up negative feelings. "It's like retraining your brain."
We all feel sad sometimes. Sadness is a normal emotion that can make life more interesting. Sadness almost always accompanies loss. When we say goodbye to a loved ones we usually feel sad. The sadness is even deeper if a close relationship has ended or a loved one has died.
Copyright 2017 Shirai and Suzuki. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Fortunately I did not pay the publishing fee, but I wanted to retract and publish my article in a reputable journal and that was when the major grief began. I got no response from the publishers when I asked to have my article retracted and given that it was in the public domain this made it impossible to submit to another journal. It took a full day of emailing other science educators, and always copying in the publishing company, before they eventually removed the article from their website. Once the article was retracted and removed from Research Gate I was able to submit it to another journal for review. This journal did ask me to modify the title of the article slightly because it was likely that it was still out on the internet somewhere under its original title.
Interesting. I had been avoiding MDPI as had been told that. but have noticed a lot of good papers & well known authors publishing in the ecology journals at least. Interesting how a journal can change tune!
There are many benefits to journaling for sadness. A journal is personal space to write your thoughts and feelings without holding back. Through this, you can examine your emotions in more detail.
When using a daily planner, you need to be as consistent as possible in completing your goals. Journaling for sadness is no different. Each day, set yourself a short journaling session. Work carefully around your routines. A daily 15 minute session is more likely to increase the happiness factor than a 2 hour session once a month.
At the same time, it can help to keep a good percentage of your journal focused on the positives. This helps to keep your mind on the future, and prevent you from slipping into negative thinking patterns.
Remember that journaling is not a substitute for therapy. If your sadness persists, you should think about getting a referral to the local mental health services, as you could be at risk of depression. However, as a mood-boosting technique, gratitude journals and daily planners can help you to build resilience and self-understanding when journaling for sadness.
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