Crossing The Line Suarez Epub Books
Raingarda Krzynowek
In order to determine the directional dependence, we calculate the MHVRs separately for the two horizontal components, namely NS/UD and EW/UD. First we calculate the Fourier spectrum of each component and smooth the spectrum with a Parzen window with a bandwidth of 0.1 Hz. Then we take the ratio of each horizontal component to the UD component. The MHVRs for the two components at the sites within the premises of the Onahama Port Office are shown in Figs. 4 and 5 for Line-3 and Line-4, respectively. In these and subsequent figures, the NS/UD and EW/UD are indicated in blue and red lines, respectively. For Line-3, which is aligned in the NS direction, the difference between the two components is nominal for points 3-1 to 3-4, but from points 3-7 to 3-9 the difference is significant at the peak frequency of about 5 Hz. If we look in detail, we can notice that for the southern points 3-1 to 3-3, there is one dominant peak at frequency slightly over 10 Hz for both components, but as we move to the north the peak frequency changes. At point 3-4, an additional peak at 8 Hz appears and then at point 3-5 the peak at 10 Hz diminishes and only the peak at 8 Hz remains. Then at point 3-6, the peak at 8 Hz diminishes and a small peak at about 5 Hz emerges. After this transition zone, a clear sharp peak at about 5 Hz for NS/UD can be seen at points 3-7 to 3-10, but hardly any peak can be identified for EW/UD at these points. As for Line-4 in Fig. 5, which is aligned in the EW direction, we see a sharp peak at 5 Hz in NS/UD for points 4-1 to 4-10. At point 4-11, this peak becomes smaller and at point 4-12 the peak of NS/UD becomes close to the peak of EW/UD in amplitude. This may be an indication that some lateral heterogeneity exists in the subsurface structure crossing Line-3 and extending parallel to Line-4. To investigate the extent of the assumed irregularity, we conducted microtremor measurements around the premises of the Onahama Port Office at the points shown in Fig. 3. For Line-A shown in Fig. 6, which is aligned in the NS direction and goes through the premises, we can see the same characteristics at points A5 and A6, which are located inside the premises, as those of points 3-7 and 4-6, but for points outside of the premises, e.g., A1 to A4 and A7 to A9, there is no significant difference between NS/UD and EW/UD.
A complete description of the methods used to develop PRISMA 2020 is available elsewhere [35]. We identified PRISMA 2009 items that were often reported incompletely by examining the results of studies investigating the transparency of reporting of published reviews [17, 21, 36, 37]. We identified possible modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement by reviewing 60 documents providing reporting guidance for systematic reviews (including reporting guidelines, handbooks, tools, and meta-research studies) [38]. These reviews of the literature were used to inform the content of a survey with suggested possible modifications to the 27 items in PRISMA 2009 and possible additional items. Respondents were asked whether they believed we should keep each PRISMA 2009 item as is, modify it, or remove it, and whether we should add each additional item. Systematic review methodologists and journal editors were invited to complete the online survey (110 of 220 invited responded). We discussed proposed content and wording of the PRISMA 2020 statement, as informed by the review and survey results, at a 21-member, two-day, in-person meeting in September 2018 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Throughout 2019 and 2020, we circulated an initial draft and five revisions of the checklist and explanation and elaboration paper to co-authors for feedback. In April 2020, we invited 22 systematic reviewers who had expressed interest in providing feedback on the PRISMA 2020 checklist to share their views (via an online survey) on the layout and terminology used in a preliminary version of the checklist. Feedback was received from 15 individuals and considered by the first author, and any revisions deemed necessary were incorporated before the final version was approved and endorsed by all co-authors.
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